Elements of Music

Tempo

Articulation

Harmony

Structure

Duration

Metre

Dynamics

texture

Melody

Timbre

Rythm

Pitch

The speed at which a passage of music is or should be played

The quality of a sound governed by the rate of vibrations producing it; the degree of highness or lowness of a tone.

Regularly recurring patterns and accents such as bars and beats.

Texture is how the melodic, rhythmic and harmonic materials are combined in a composition.

How certain notes or passages are sung or played.

A sequence of single notes that is musically satisfying.

A strong regular repeated pattern of movement or sound.

The combination of simultaneously sounded musical notes to produce a pleasing effect.

Refers to the volume of a sound or note.

The time in which something continues.

The perceived sound quality of a musical note, sound or tone.

Song structure is the arrangement of a song.

Acapella

Singing with no instrumental background

The tempo of music is defined by the rate of pulse.

Pulse is a steady beat like a ticking clock or a heartbeat.

the different types of tempo

Larghissimo — very, very slow (20 bpm and below)

Grave — slow and solemn (20–40 bpm)

Lento — slowly (40–60 bpm)

Largo — broadly (40–60 bpm)

Larghetto — rather broadly (60–66 bpm)

Adagio — slow and stately (literally, "at ease") (66–76 bpm)

Adagietto — rather slow (70–80 bpm)

Andante moderato — a bit slower than andante

Andante — at a walking pace (76–108 bpm)

Andantino – slightly faster than andante

Moderato — moderately (108–120 bpm)

Allegretto — moderately fast (but less so than allegro)

Allegro moderato — moderately quick (112–124 bpm)

Allegro — fast, quickly and bright (120–168 bpm)

Vivace — lively and fast (≈140 bpm) (quicker than allegro)

Vivacissimo — very fast and lively

Allegrissimo — very fast

Presto — very fast (168–200 bpm)

Prestissimo — extremely fast (more than 200bpm)

Pitch is defined by the frequency of
vibration of a sounding body.

Faster vibrations give
rise to ‘higher’ pitches, slower vibrations to ‘lower’ pitches.

Timbre is the character of a sound or voice.

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The rhythm can consist of patterns of longer or shorter notes in various combinations; even or uneven, emphasising the metre and stresses or disrupting them.

Notes of different pitch occurring one after another form melodies.

The length of the notes.

Chords and chord progressions.

How the different layers of the music weave together.

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Strings

Violin, Viola, Cello,

Double-Bass, Harp,

Mandolin, Lute,

Guitars

Woodwind

Flute, Clarinet, Oboe,

Bassoon, Saxophone,

Piccolo

Brass

Trumpet, cornet,

French horn,

Trombone, Tuba

Percussion

Triangle, Timpani,

Xylophone,

Glockenspiel,

marimba, Cymbals,

Bass drum,

Tambourine, Snare

drum