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Biomolecules (Nucleic Acids (storage and expression of genetic material…

- - - - nucleotides
    - - Polynucleotide: comprised of nucleotides
        
        DNA: carries genetic material
        
        RNA: messenger - carries instructions from DNA
- - - - Disaccharide - consists of two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic linkage (covalent bond)
        
        Most prevalent example is sucrose; made from fructose and glucose
      - Monosaccharides - simplest carbohydrates
        
        monomers from which more complex carbohydrates are built
        
        fructose, glucose
      - Polysaccharides - macromolecules, polymers with a few thousand monosaccharides
        
        serve as storage material, hydrolyzed as needed to provide sugar for cells
        
        serve as building material fro structures that protect the cell or whole organism
- - - - Monomers
        
        Bond between amino acids is called a peptide bond
      - Polymers
        
        Polypeptide - polymer of amino acids
        
        Enzymatic proteins regulate metabolism by acting as catalysts
        
        Protein Structure
        
        Primary Structure - sequence of amino acids
        
        Secondary - result of hydrogen bonds between polypeptide
        
        Tertiary - overall shape resulting from interactions between side chains and amino acids
        
        Quaternary - number and arrangement of multiple folded polypeptide chains
- - - - Fats
        
        constructed from two kinds of smaller molecules
        
        Glycerol; an alcohol
        
        Fatty Acids; has a long carbon skeleton (usually 16-18 carbon atoms in length)
        
        triacylglycerol - three fatty acids are each joined to glycerol by an ester linkage
        
        Saturated; all single bonds
        
        Unsaturated; if double bonds involved
      - Phospholipids
        
        similar to a fat molecule but has two fatty acids attached to glycerol instead of three
        
        Phospholipid Bilayers
    - - characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings
        
        cholesterol is a crucial steroid in animals