Gujarat, Calicut, and the Sultanate of Malacca were all well-established centers of trade in the Indian Ocean. Gujarat was located in western India, Calicut in southern India, and the Sultanate of Malacca in southeast Asia. Gujarat was mainly textile and fabric-oriented, as those were the main exports. Calicut was the spice hub of India, exporting pepper, ginger, and cinnamon. The Sultanate of Malacca, being located on the Malay Peninsula, was the gateway to southeast Asia. The exports for this center were similar luxury goods to China in porcelain, silk, and iron, as well as natural products from the region, such as fish.
