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Lecture 2: Human Sustainability and population growth (How are our…
Lecture 2: Human Sustainability and population growth
Principles of Sustainability
renewable resources
Non renewable resources
How are our ecological footprints affecting the earth
Natural capital degredation
Soil erosion
Shrinking forests
Air pollution
Animal extinction
Declining Ocean fisheries
Water Pollution
Sources of pollution
Point Sources: Single identifiable source that discharges pollutants
Non point sources: e.g Pesticides blown into air
Pollution cleanup: Output pollution control
Pollution prevention: input pollution control
Case study: China
Cultural changes have increased our ecological footprints
WHy do we have environmental problems?
Population growth
Exponential population growth
Successful Case study: Slowing population growth in china
Reasons for population growth
Movement into new habitats and climate zones
Early and modern agriculture methods
Control of infectious diseases through:
Sanitation systems
Antibiotics
Vaccines
Health care
wasteful and unsustainable resource use
High consumption
High pollution
unnecessary waste of resource
poverty
Population growth affected
Malnutrition
Premature death
Limited access to sanitation
Failure to include the harmful environmental costs of goods and services in market prices
Companies dont pay environmental cost of resource use
Goods and services do not include the harmful environmental costs
Companies receive tax breaks and subsidies
Economy may be stimulated, but there may be a degradation of natural capital
How many people can earth support
Population growth in developing countries is increasing 9 times faster than developed countries
Population growth in canada
Growth may stabilise between 2030 and the end of century
50% of canadian mothers are over 30
Total fertility rate now below minimum for replacement
Immigration remains crucuial
Factors affecting birth and fertility rates
Children in labour force
Cost of raising and educating children
Avaailability of pension systems
Urbanisation
Education and employment for women
Infant mortality rate
average marrying rate
Availibility of legal abortions
Availability of birth control
How can we slow human population growth
Factors that decrease population size
Polpulations from a rising death rate. E.g. AIDS
Decrease in fertility rates due to: Education, Paying jobs, Ability to control fertility
Poverty, Malnutrition, Environmental degradation
Promotion of family planning
Case study: Slowing population growth in India
Conclusions
Overpopulation causing resource overuse
Impoverished countries have limited access to key population controlling things e.g. contraception