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Civic Humanism (Coluccio Salutati (Advocated and Promoted New Learning…

- - - - Cosmopolitan society Social mobility
      - Sites of social/cultural interaction included, marketplaces, convents, and salons
  - - - Strengths
        
        More equitable tax system
        
        More inclusive consultative process
        
        Stable during peace times
        
        Weaknesses
        
        Slow to react in times of crisis
        
        Factionalism (Alberti, Stronzzi,
        Medici, Ricci families)
- - - - Argued that Civic Humanism had important philosophical and moral dimensions which later informed Florentine conceptions of good government
    - - Crisis of the early Italian Renaissance
    - - Renaissance philosophy
    - - Scholarship of Petrarch
        
        Focused on studying and imitating Roman classical literary forms
        
        Petrarch was seen as a historian who bridged the Medieval and Renaissance epochs
        
        Petrarch remained attached mostly to Medieval Christian values
        
        Aimed to adapt classical learning to Christian conceptions of morality
        
        Petrarch stopped short of embracing a classical conception of morality that attributed virtue to a life of political engagement
        
        Petrarch was interested in exploring human nature and the importance of learning and pursing wisdom and Christian perfection
        
        Petrarch did not vision humanism to include political involvement
        
        Petrarch felt betrayed by Cicero who was a Roman senator and republican when he found out in Cicero's letters, that he conspired to eliminate Julius Caesar upon his arrival in Rome
  - - - Florence grew economically through trade, textile production, and banking
      - Economic change, post 1250
        
        Wool Production
        
        Operated under the leadership of the Calimala guild
        
        Wool process was overseen by Lanaiuolo. Process included spinning, weaving, fulling, dyeing, shearing, and mending
        
        Arno River
        
        The river's location was extremely important and critical for textile trade
        
        Creation of Republic
        
        Became politically independent after 1250
        
        The Florin and Banking
        
        1252 - the Gold Florin minted
        
        Baking was controlled by elite families such as, Peruzzi and Bardi families
        
        Economics of Civic Humanism
        
        A city of wealthy merchants and bankers
        
        Became the engine of the cultural movement because the new learning offered sons a formation that was considered essential to partake in local governance
        
        Hans Baron's Ethose
        
        The identity of Florence gave rise to a new ethos that shaped Florentine taste in classical literature, but also its art and architecture. Baron and Garin argued that Renaissance Florence reflected the glorification of civic life and an earthly city of man
        
        Civic humanism and 'new learning' became crucial to partake in local politics/governance
        
        These men and women consequently became most important patrons of the new style of art and architecture in the city, art that expressed the supreme confidence of the urban elite and their own identity as members of a republican state
      - Florence was located on an important land route for trade to Milan and Venice, which regarded Florence as a cosmopolitan state
      - The contado was used to grow wheat, grain and oil which was also important to trade and Florence's economy