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3 Key Questions in Comparative Politics (Underlying Structure, Culture and…
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- Defined as a set of rules, norms or standard operating procedure
- Widely recognized and accepted and that structures and constrains individual's political action
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- Other institutions can be informal or even government but nonetheless be very important in influencing political behaviour
Structuralism
- Marxism :
Argue that economic structure largely determine political behaviour
- The key classes in modern capitalist
society
- Control their own capital
- Use it own economic advantage to control
the state in its interest
- Process of any society’s production
- Owns no capital and must sell sell its labor survive
- Eventually recognize and act on its own opposing
Interest.
- Rational choice Institutionalists
( Barry Weingast,1997)
- Argue that institutions are the products of the interaction and bargaining of rational actors operate
- Major political forces must come to a rational compromise on key political institutions that give all important political players incentives to support the system.
- Political actors will abide by particular institution only as it continue to serve their joint interest
- Historical Institutionalists
( Stephan Haggard & Robert Kaufman, 1995)
- Argue that institutions not only limit self-interested political behaviour but also influence who is involved in politics and individual’s political preferences.
- Argue that institutions themselves profoundly shape what policies are possible and what political outcomes are likely , independent of people’s self – interests or cultural values.
- Critics of institutionalism argue that institutions are rarely the actual explanation for political behaviour.
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- Political Ideology :
A systematic set of beliefs about how a political system ought to be structured.
- Ideological Hegemony :
the ruling class ability to propagate a set of ideas that justifies and perpetuates its political dominance.
- Critics :
political culture is more malleable than the civic culture.
- Modern approach :
saw changes in political cultural
- Postmaterialist shift in political culture
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- American shift their party
- Political culture is held attitudes, values, beliefs and symbols about politics.
- It provides people ways to understand political arena, justification particular set of political institutions and practices, definition of appropriate political behaviours.