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Populations at Risk for Malnutrition (Pregnancy and Lactation (folic acid…
Populations at Risk for Malnutrition
infancy and children
high energy and essential nutrient demands
vulnerable
PEM retards G/D
def of iron, folic acid, vat c, copper, zinc, vit a due to underfeeding
Pregnancy and Lactation
folic acid supps to prevent NTD
vegan>B12 def -not absorbed well from non animal prod
changes to diet, cravings, pica
fetal alcohol syndrome
critical increase in all Nutr's
Old age
loss of LBM and red physical act.
lower e req.
but other nut req do not change/inc
IMP: nutrient density and diet quality
absorp is red: iron def, osteoporosis/osteomalacia - lack vit D, no sun
inadeq diet det taste n smell, loneliness, physical/mental handicaps, immobile, chronic ill.
adolescence
greater Nutr essential for inc growth rate
late adolescence more cals than any other time in life
chronic disease
malnutrition impairs absorp of FAT SOL VIT, B12, CALCIUM IRON
liver disease- storage of Vit A and B12 / interferes with metabolism
kidney disease- develop PRO iron vit D def's
its with cancer, AID its might also have anorexia> needs increased
Others
Vegetarian, fad, alcohol/drug depenendcy
Health Related Causes to Malnutrition
poor health> poor nut>poor health... why just why
infection exacerbates malnutrition
children treated with RUTF + antibiotics did better than placebo
less diverse gut MO>link to kwashiorkor
lack of food>inf or gut prob interfere w nut absorp.
=micronut def/when body needs them the most, limited stores, immunity weak, X fighting inf
Diarrhea
common in 3rdw
feces in food/water = children during weaning
Dehydration
60-70% deaths from diarrhea
symp lack tears, no urine, sunken fomtanel, wrinkled skin
Death >15% fluid loss
ORAL REHYDRATION SALTS
fluid and electrolytes are lost from D
water is not effective bc
electrolytes must be replaced
LG int. secretes h20 X absorb
saves 1mil lives a yr
but does not stop D helps body hydrate until it passes
Std tx - restore fluids w IV/water/salt ; trained person X in 3rdw
simple sol w sugar /salt, mix and deliver
sugar helps absorption electrolytes and water
rehydrate w electrolyte sol, esp NA and K
pedialyte
homemade recipe : 1 L water 8 tsp sugar 1 tsp salt OJ or banana can be added for K+ and taste
trained p