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Being human (Human nature (Is there such a thing? (Essentialism: Yes,…

- - - - Jean-Paul Sartre
      - Albert Camus
      - Friedrich Nietzsche
      - Soren Kierkegaard
    - - Evolution
      - Genes
      - Aristotle
      - Rationalism:
        man is a rational being
        
        Plato
        
        Descartes
      - Empiricism:
        man is a blank slate
        and becomes what he is through experience
        
        David Hume
        
        George Berkeley
        
        John Locke
- - - - Dualism:
        there are two basic and independent substances (the most basic building block of reality)
        Mind and body exist in their own right
        
        Descartes
        
        Plato
      - Idealism:
        reality is mind-dependent
        
        George Berkeley
        
        Objective idealism
        
        Subjective idealism
        
        Solipsism
        
        The problem of other minds
    - - Materialism
        Mind is the brain
        
        Modern version of materialism: physicalism
        what there is, will ultimately be described by physics
        
        Reductive materialism
        
        Mind is the brain
        and everything about the mind can be explained in terms of brain
        
        Non-reductive materialism:
        mind is the brain but not everything about the
        mind can be explained in terms of the brain
        
        Subjective experiences (qualia) cannot
        be explained by just studying the brain
        
        Thomas Nagel:
        we cannot imagine what it is like to be a bat
        science cannot explain what being a bat feels like
        
        David Chalmers:
        the hard problem of consciousness
        
        Mysterianism
        the question of consciousness
        is unsolvable to human mind
        
        Frank Jackson:
        Mary the superscientist
        
        Could there be non-biological minds?
        
        The problem of AI
        
        John Searle:
        Chinese room
        
        Turing's test