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Infant with sickle cell anemia (Background informantion (Protein from…
Infant with sickle cell anemia
Upstream causes
Direct cause
Inheredited trait
Trait from parents
Two sickle cell genes, one from each parent
Indirect cause
Affect cell shape
oxygen intake lower than normal blood cells
Blood cell shaped like a sickle instead of round shape
Background informantion
Cell structures
Functions
determined by its shape
cell sickle shaped
Less surface area
lowers oxygen capacity
Bonds with Proteins
Intermolecular bonds
Two Polypeptide chains with tertiary structure
Protein from Primary to Quaternary structure
Secondary
Primary chain forms Helices and Sheets
Quaternary
2+ Polypeptide chains Combine
Make functional Protein
Primary
Amino acids form Polypeptide chain
Tertiary
Helices and sheets are folded \
Form globular molecule
held by intramolecular bond
Macro Molecules
Protein
Amino acids
Polyeptide
Carbohydrates
monossacharides
Ex-Glucose
Dissacharides
Ex- Maltose
Polyssacharides
Ex- Starch
Fats
Gylycerol
Fatty Acids
Nucleic acids
nitrogen bases
Thymine
Guanine
Adenine
Cytosine
Nucleotide
Phosphate group
Ribose sugar
DNA
Synthesis in transcription
made of nitrogen bases
Thymine
Guanine
Adenine
Cytosine
different variations of combined bases form traits
Chromosomes
tight DNA rapped around histones
Characteristics of Amino acids
Building block of Proteins
20 kinds of amino acids
A change in the amino acid sequence
Can determine malfunction of cell
Sickle cell alters one of the amino acids in the hemoglobin protein
Dowwstream
Problems
Pain
Pain in joints
sudden chest pain
low oxygen levels in blood
dizziness
Fatigue
Inflamed fingers or toes
One copy or two sickle cell traits
one sickle cell trait
Rarely have any clinical symptoms
May pass on the trait to children
Two sickle cell trait
Children have high chance of getting sickle cell
offspring gets sickle cell disease