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history ((king He was at the top of the hierarchy. He granted fiefs to…
history
king He was at the top of the hierarchy. He granted fiefs to nobles in return for loyalty and military help. Other than the lavish life, the king also had a hard role eg fighting wars, eliminating changes to the throne and administrating the country.
nobles These people mostly lived in fiefs. These lands by were formed by peasants. Noblemen often spent their days attending to business on their lands, hunting,
church officials The pope and the church were supported by a large network of people, cardinals, archbishops, monks and nuns. In England, the Church and the nobility owned about 75% of all the land between them
knights Many were given grants of land from their lands. In return, they were required to fight for lord whenever needed. They got food and supplies from peasants in return for their protection.
peasants They made about 90% of the population. They gave food and rent to the rich, Their lives were normally short, They mostly did farming, which was hard because they only had basic tools.
crusades
The Crusades were a series of medieval religious wars between Christians and Muslims. the goal was to have control of Jerusalem which was important for both religions.
Jerusalem was also important for Christians because it is the place where Jesus Christ was born, preaches and died.
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The Crusades all started when the Seljuk Turkish the forbade Christian and Jewish pilgrims from entering the city. Emperor Alexius send an appeal to Pope Urban II, who saw this as an excellent opportunity to unite Christendom and Europe.
This was also a chance to regain Jerusalem, where Jesus Christ was born. Peasants who were lead by Peter the Hermit were unsuccessful, but the knights of Europe were the ones who defeated the Muslims
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the black death
The Black Death was a deadly plague that killed off around 33-40% of Europe, 1/3rd of the Middle East, and 40% of Egypt.
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to avoid catching the disease, doctors rejected patients, priests declined to administer last rites, and shopkeepers shut their stores.
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medieval Europe
life in medieval Europe
medieval fashion
the rich wore custom made clothing made of velvet and silk. Only royalty more gold, silver and purple.
The poor wore clothes that were dull and crudely cut. They were made from coarse cloth that irritated the skin. They couldn't wear certain colors and materials.
hygiene
the rich could afford hot baths with scents and oils from Arabia. Spices were used to sweeten the air.
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dental** Dental was almost non-existent by poor and rich. The only treatment for bad teeth was removal.
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historical concepts
-significance relates to the importance assigned to aspects of the past. It depends on a few factors if historical things are significant to you. significance
perspective- is a point of view - the position from which people see and understand events going on in the world around them.
continuity and charge- continuity is when practices done in the past still are done today. Change is practicing something different.
cause and effect- is used by historians to identify chains of events and developments, both in the short term and in the long term.
evidence- is the information gathered from historical sources. objects created or written at the time being investigated. accounts about the past that were created after the time being investigated.
empathy - helps us to understand the impact of past events on particular individuals or groups. 'walk in someone else's shoes'
contestability- relates to explanations or interpretations of past events that are open to debate. All historians can come up with a different theory about the past.
crime and punishment
In medieval Europe, even the most minor offences had deadly consequences. Women gossiping were put in the scolds bridle. Witchcraft, treason and heresy had death as punishments.
trial by ordeal- required accused person to prove their innocence. They swore and oath and were tested by ordeal
trial by combat- accused fought with accuser. The winner was innocent. The guilty were punished or killed.
ordeal by fire- accused person held red hot iron, if wound didn't heal after 3 days, they were guilty.
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In 1154, Henry II became king of England. He wanted his people to have access to royal justice. Judges began recording court decisions.
It set the basis for today's common law, where judges decisions and the penalties for them are based on similar examples from the past. Another initiative was trial by jury.
the magna carta- King John was unpopular because of his unsuccessful wars, raising taxes and upsetting the pope. The nobles decided to act and and forced him to sign the MC, it required monarch to be subject to the will of others.
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