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BIOMOLECULES :star: (NUCLEIC ACIDS: are responsible for the storage and…
BIOMOLECULES :star:
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PROTEINS: have multiple functions including acting as catalysts as well as a defense, storage, strucutre and transport molecule
Proteins are composed of amino acids, which are the monomers of Proteins
Amino Acid Polymers (Polypeptides) are formed when two amino acids are positioned so that the carboxyl group of one is adjacent to to the amino group of another. They are then connected through dehydration reaction. The resulting covalent bond is called a peptide bond
Examples:
- Enzymes: a protein produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction
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Chemical Groups Important to Life:
- Hydroxyl
- Carbonyl
- Carboxyl
- Amino
- Sulfhydryl
- Phosphate
- Methyl
- All these functional groups play an important role in the formation of Lipids, Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Nucleic Acids
Molecular Diversity:
- Isomers: variation in architecture of atoms (compounds with same number of atoms of the same element but different structures)
- Structural Isomers: different in covalent arrangements of atoms
- Cis-trans Isomers: carbons have covalent bonds to the same atoms, but those atoms have different spatial arrangements due to the inflexibility to double bonds
- Enantiomers: isomers that are mirror images of each other but differ in shapes due to asymmetric carbons