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NEUTROPENIA ((Ask your doctor what you need to do when you go home.
Make…
NEUTROPENIA
Definition: Neutropenia is condition that happens when your blood does not have enough of the cells called "neutrophils." Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell. They help your body fight infections.
Causes of Neutropenia:
Decreased Production of Neutrophils
•Aplastic anemia due to medications or toxins
•Chemotherapy
•Metastatic cancer, lymphoma, leukemia
•Myelodysplastic syndromes
•Radiation therapy
Ineffective Granulocytopoiesis
•Megaloblastic anemia
Increased Destruction of Neutrophils
•Bacterial infections
•Hypersplenism
•Immunologic disorders (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus)
•Medication induced
•Viral disease (e.g., infectious hepatitis, mononucleosis)
Patient teaching and Management:
treatment depends on what caused neutropenia.
drugs that help your bone marrow make white blood cells are filgastrim and sargramostim
doctor may order drugs to: Fight an infection and boost immune system
Ex. Filgrastim,Sargramostim to help your bone marrow make white blood cells
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Stay away from foods that make mouth sores painful. Some of these foods are salty, spicy, or sour foods like chips, citrus fruits, and spices.
Choose foods that are fully cooked and served very hot. Do not eat raw meats, seafood, chicken, or egg.
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Patho: Neutrophil count of less than 2000/mm. Neutropenia can develop as a result of pathologic mechanism, including decreased bone marrow production, the sequestering of neutrophils, and increased destruction of neutrophils in the peripheral blood. The clinical result is increased risk for infection. Severe neutropenia = ANC of <500/mm = high risk for infection. If ANC is 100/mm = absolute positive likelihood for infection to be present.
Diagnostics :
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Bone marrow biopsy Cultures of blood, urine, and sputum, as well as a chest x-ray
Ask your doctor what you need to do when you go home.
Make sure you ask questions if you do not understand what the doctor says.
This way you will know what you need to do.
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To ensure adequate therapy against the infectious organisms, broad-spectrum antibiotics are initiated as soon as the cultures are obtained, although the antibiotics may be changed after culture and sensitivity results are available.
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If you had a blood transfusion, keep the site where the needle was placed clean and dry.
Your doctor may give you a mouthwash to help with bad breath or mouth sores. Use this each day after meals or at least 3 times a day.
Try to avoid injuries, such as cuts and scrapes, which can get infected.
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Clinical Manifestations
No definite symptoms until patient develops an infection. Fever is the most common indicator of infection. A routine CBC with differential, as obtained after chemotherapy treatment, can reveal neutropenia before the onset of infection.
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