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Anthropology part 1 (Research Methods (participant observation…
Anthropology part 1
Research Methods
Interviews
Structured Interview
ex. set list of questions, topic needed is clear, doesn't require a relationship to produce data
Unstructured Interview
large period of time, with no set questions
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participant observation
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carefully observing a group,getting to know their culture and people
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ethnology
studies origins, cultures, w/ different races+people
Schools of thought
Cultural Relativism- Anthropologists cannot compare to other cultures two cultures because each culture has its own internal rules that must be expected.
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your views of a culture vary, based on the culture you're raised in
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Functional Theory
every belief, action, or relationship in a culture functions to meet the need of the individuals
stresses the importance of independence among all things with in a social system to ensure its long term survival
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Bronis Malinowski
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Trobriand Islands WW1
ceremonial exchange of of inexpensive jewellery travelled the centre circle of the islands, linking distant individuals
not an economic trade, but reinforced status
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Cultural Materialsm
infastructure
a society's material resources- tech., pop., available land
structure
a society's familial, political, economic, & social systems
superstructure
a society's idea's, values, symbols, and religion
Feminist
they look at how genders, race, class, ethnicity and sexual orientation are constructed in various societies and the effect of those ideas on marginalised people.
By the 1970's, feminist anthropologists were re-examining anthropology to ensure that female voices were heard and included in research.
today, feminist anthropologists continue to look at how cultures determine gender roles, try to debunk gender myths and show how our ideas about gender are culturally constructed.
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Postmodern
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since the 1980's postmodern anthropologists have more and more been doing research on their cultural settings.
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linguistics, the study of human languages and how it affects and expresses culture
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historical
comparing the similarities and differences of language so they can understand how languages are related and how people migrated in the past
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Gender and [Culture]
identity
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alternate
In Aboriginal culture, the LGBT+ community were once accepted and valued, until Europeans arriving in North America imposed Westerns views on the Aboriginal culture. This caused them to face violence and to be less valued, and in some cases, hated. In more recent changes, the term two-spirited was acquired by Aboriginal peoples to reclaim their alternate gender identity.
Western culture has only recently begun to accept and value the LGBT+ community, but a lot of society is still lagging behind.
Other cultures like South Asian, African, and Polynesian have historically accepted the LGBT+ community.
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Expression
Female Culture
Desert Arabs in Niger, the fat female form is celebrated. And in Western and Central Sahara, the fat female form is desired
Western Culture depicts that a higher class woman is a someone who is thinner, taller and more fit. Opposite of Niger.
both these cultures take the woman with fat form or a thinner form because to them it shows power; a higher class.
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