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economic factors where the main reasons for British expansion in Africa? …
economic factors where the main reasons for British expansion in Africa? 1815-1914
economic
Africa was one of the most rich contents with raw materials in the world
The british attempted to control the areas there where most rich in these raw materials such as south Africa which was rich with diamonds
Suez Canal see Branch of strategic rivalry for reasoning
Britain wanted the southern and eastern coasts of Africa for stopover ports on the route to Asia and its empire in India.
global markets
Surplus capital was often more profitably invested overseas, where cheap materials, limited competition, and abundant raw materials made a greater premium possible
the demand for raw materials, especially copper, cotton, rubber, palm oil, cocoa, diamonds, tea, and tin, to which European consumers had grown accustomed and upon which European industry had grown dependent
Britain wanted the southern and eastern coasts of Africa for stopover ports on the route to Asia and its empire in India.
strategic rivalry
Suez canal
the Suez canal is a water way that passes from the Mediterranean to the red sea which then joins the Indian ocean which makes the this a vital trade route to the east and something many countries would want to control
The Suez canal was an important area for the British to hold as they now controlled much of India and had begun to trade more and more with China
Competition between the European governments made up for most of the colonisation of Africa
Berlin Conference
The Berlin conference set out the rules for the scramble for Africa we came away with General Act of the Berlin Conference
The conference was held by the First Chancellor of Germany Otto Von Bismark this was surprise as Germany had only just emerged as an imperial power
The Moroccan crisis
The Moroccan Crisis started in 1905 when Kaiser Wilhelm II made a speech which smashed French nationalism this angered the French and with the support of the British now the french foreign minster took a defiant line
The kaiser or the German government had no interest in Morocco they merely wanted to disrupt the Anglo-French Entente
This was the platform which started the alliance of the British, French and Russians going into the first world war
Foshoda
This had almost brought the British and the French on the brink of war before signing a pact between each other
France
West Africa
raw materials
Africa was rich in raw materials that was what made the scramble for it so harsh
The foreign secretary told the French ambassador in 1885 that "the scramble for Africa had little to do with trade."
colonial encounters
In its earlier stage’s imperialism was generally the act of individual explorers as well as some adventurous merchantmen
Lead up to First world war
Entente
Moroccan Crisis
Germany feels alienated because of Entente
When France and Britain made the Entente Germany felt it was an attack on them
After Russia also joined the entente this made tensions grow more
Missionaries
They attempted to convert local African people to the christian faith
They usually did this by setting up schools in the area
40% of Africans are now Christians
They also introduced them to Western medicine
David Ling-stone
was one of the most famous missionaries for his campaigning on slave labour
some missionaries demanded reform in a range of native beliefs and ideas
This led to the misconception of the natives needing rule as they where barbaric
disease was a big part throughout the British empire but it had a big presence in Africa there was disease in Africa before the British arrived but by concentrating people in small areas they increased the risk
native Africans
Historians
Robinson and Gallagher
Peter J. Cain and A. G. Hopkins
Jonas F. Gjerso
John Darwin
Denis Judd
John Darwin
The role of the individual
many generals in the British army had there own ideas on what they wanted to do with Africa this is where the role of the individual plays a key part as many people are driven by greed
