plastics

plastics are materials formed by polymers

synthetic plastic

natural plastic


are obtained directly from raw vegetable materials.
For example: cellulose or latex, or from animal
proteins


are made from compounds extracted from petroleum, natural gas and carbon. the majority of plastics belog to this group

the transformation of these raw materials and compounds into plastics is called polymerisation

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properties of plastic

strength, elasticity, rigidity, flexsibility, mechanical, acoustic, electrical,thermal, low density, impermeability

ecological properties

there are three recycling processes

energy recycling

mechanical recycling

chemical recycling

we make new products from plastic granules. The process has five stages:

we apply chemical processes to make new materials from the original components of plastic residues

we can incinetrate plastics and the energy that is produced is used in industry, for heating or producting electricity

SEPARATION AND CRUSHING: We separate the plastics according to type and then they are crushed

FLOATING: we wash the plastics and then dry them by centrifugal force

AGGLUTINATION: the material is compacted and then incoporated into other materials

EXTRUSION: we melt the material, and then it's extruded into long filaments

PELLETISING: the filaments are then reduced to granules that we call pellets

clasification of plastics

thermostable plastics

thermoplastics

we maunfacture thermoplastics from compounds acquired from petroleum
they're made up fo weakly formed molecular chains
when we heat them, they become soft, which allows them to be formed into different shapes

these plastics are made from compounds derived fron petroleum
they are formed by strongly-linked chains running in different directions
when heated, they become soft and can be shaped. when cooled, they cannot be remouled by applying heat

elastomers


made by vulcanisation: mixing sulphur and rubber, and heating to 160
they are hard, resistant and very elastic-streching easily under force
they're formed by chains linked laterally and folded over themselves, like a ball of wool or string


formation techniques

extrusion

lamination

vacuum forming

moulding

blow moulding

shaping and finishing techniques

principal techniques

cutting

perforating

trimming and filing

drill bit

cutter

Scissors

steel bit

fretsaw

jig saw

power press

hot metal thread trimmer

a file

a rasp

joining platics

permanent joints

temporay joints

mechanical fasteners

adhesives

seldering