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plastics (formation techniques (extrusion, lamination, vacuum forming,…
plastics
formation techniques
extrusion
lamination
vacuum forming
moulding
blow moulding
clasification of plastics
thermostable plastics
these plastics are made from compounds derived fron petroleum
they are formed by strongly-linked chains running in different directions
when heated, they become soft and can be shaped. when cooled, they cannot be remouled by applying heat
thermoplastics
we maunfacture thermoplastics from compounds acquired from petroleum
they're made up fo weakly formed molecular chains
when we heat them, they become soft, which allows them to be formed into different shapes
elastomers
made by vulcanisation: mixing sulphur and rubber, and heating to 160
they are hard, resistant and very elastic-streching easily under force
they're formed by chains linked laterally and folded over themselves, like a ball of wool or string
joining platics
permanent joints
mechanical fasteners
temporay joints
adhesives
seldering
synthetic plastic
are made from compounds extracted from petroleum, natural gas and carbon. the majority of plastics belog to this group
properties of plastic
strength, elasticity, rigidity, flexsibility, mechanical, acoustic, electrical,thermal, low density, impermeability
ecological properties
there are three recycling processes
energy recycling
we can incinetrate plastics and the energy that is produced is used in industry, for heating or producting electricity
mechanical recycling
we make new products from plastic granules. The process has five stages:
SEPARATION AND CRUSHING: We separate the plastics according to type and then they are crushed
FLOATING: we wash the plastics and then dry them by centrifugal force
AGGLUTINATION: the material is compacted and then incoporated into other materials
EXTRUSION: we melt the material, and then it's extruded into long filaments
PELLETISING: the filaments are then reduced to granules that we call pellets
chemical recycling
we apply chemical processes to make new materials from the original components of plastic residues
shaping and finishing techniques
principal techniques
cutting
cutter
Scissors
steel bit
fretsaw
jig saw
power press
hot metal thread trimmer
perforating
drill bit
trimming and filing
a file
a rasp
plastics are materials formed by polymers
natural plastic
are obtained directly from raw vegetable materials.
For example: cellulose or latex, or from animal
proteins
the transformation of these raw materials and compounds into plastics is called polymerisation