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Macrophage (Macrophage Activation (Innate Activation (Macrophage will…

- - - - increased amount of lysosomal enzyme
      - increased phagocytic activity
      - increased expression of antibody
      - increased expression of antibody & complement receptor
      - produce Cytokines
        
        Types of Cytokines
        
        TNF-α
        
        IL-12
        
        Th1
        
        Functions of Cytokines
        
        Activates NK Cell
  - - - Produce cytokines ; IL-4, IL-10, IL-13
        
        promotes alternate activation
        
        Generation of ornithine from arginine
        
        Do not produce nitric oxide; M2cell
        
        Functions ; Reduce inflammation, promotes tissue, repairs& wound healing
- - - - Destroy bacteria by both oxidative and non-oxidative mechanism
      - Monocyte secrete collagens and dastases that destroy connective tissue
      - also release plasminogen activator that generate plasmin; thus 'soften up' the local connective tissue matrix and allow easier penetration of damaged tissue.
      - can phagocytose both apoptotic neutrophils and their granules
      - Monocyte attracted by bacteria product and complement alarmins release by damaged cell and tissue.
    - - Process of Phagocytosis
        
        form phagosome
        
        enzymes release into phagosome by organel within monocyte called lysosome
        
        digest particle
        
        remaining debris exit monocyte to be absorbed back into body
        
        monocyte engulf particles
- - - - IFN-ɣ
      - Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
    - - Inflammatory cytokines and chemokines
        
        TNF-a
        
        IL-1
        
        IL-6
        
        IL-12
        
        IL-18
  - - - IL-13 & IL-14
        
        M2 Produce IL-10
        
        IL-10 inhibits Inflammatory response
      - alternatively activated
        
        produce growth factor
        
        promotes tissue repair
        
        Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)
        
        Fascilitate angiogenesis
        
        TGF-β
        
        Fascilitate deposition extracellular matrix proteins for fibrosis