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Positive Behavior Intervention Supports (PBIS) (The unfocused/inattentive…

- - - - Strategies to redirect
        behaviors based on data tracking
        
        Engage Student
        Why?
        It helps to increase student "buy in", volunteering and participation. It also encourages the student to participate and student/teacher rapport.
        When?
        When a student isn't responsive, have a reputation for bad behavior, or if a student is new.
        How?
        You can engage the student before or after class, during instructional time and when you have free time. Remember to engage student during greetings at the door. You can also arrange to meet.
        
        Praise when on task
        Why?
        It helps the student to embed an internal desire to try and to push through difficulty. It's uplifting, encouraging and builds rapport and trust.
        When?
        When you can see the student is trying and putting in an effort and when you want to increase positive behavior.
        How?
        When you praise the student be specific and sincere. Research shows that at least 4 praises to 1 criticism should be given, (Flora SR , 2000)
        
        Redirection
        Why?
        It keeps the whole class on track by improving the students' attention and focus. It can be utilized at any time like in the middle of instructions when you see you lost the students' attention.
        When?
        When you lost control of the class and the students are misbehaving, off topic, inattentive or just plain confused.
        How?
        Just simply remind the students what they should be doing and how, where and when they are expected to have it done by. Keep the redirection short and sweat and on point. It can also be non-verbal.
      - Data tracking systems
        
        Tier 1 Intervention General Tracking Form.
        This form is great for checking how effective the applied interventions were by tracking the outcomes.
        
        Themed behavior charts
        Behavior charts can be a fun and relaxing way for tracking younger students' progress and bad behavior. This can be very effective for my grade ones and twos.
      - Tier 2
        
        Strategies to redirect
        behaviors based on data tracking
        
        Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP)
        Why?
        It provides an individualized plan that addresses specific issues and involves a lot of people like teachers, support staff, the student and parents.
        When?
        When a student has ADHD or ADD. When the student demonstrates consistent behavior problems or other significant issues that affect their school experience. When the student have emotional difficulties that impact their school work. When the parents keep bringing the student to school late.
        How?
        You can use one or more data tracking forms to track information on the student's behavior. Consistently meet wit the student, parents, teachers and support staff to discuss and review the behavior plan.
        
        Structured breaks
        Why?
        The students might get overwhelmed and stressed, this will help relief some of the stress and refocus the student. It helps students with poor attention and focus.
        When?
        When a student has ADHD/ADD. When a student is very emotional and starts to be confrontational and is refusing to follow instructions.
        How?
        Have verbal, physical or even realia available as cues to indicate break time. Remember to set a place and time for the break.
        
        Peer Tutoring
        Why?
        The student may be embarrassed by asking for help from a teacher. This will provide a safe and relaxed environment where the student can get instant advice and feedback. It also frees up the teacher to continue with instructing the other students.
        When?
        When the student exhibits signs of being inattentive and unfocused.
        How?
        You can arrange for the tutoring to happen on a continuous structured basis or as and when needed in class. You can assign students to tutor or have a system in place. Remember to set ground rules for the tutoring.
        
        Data tracking systems
        
        Data tracking forms
        -Behavior & Intervention Tracking Form (Excel)
        -Behavior Review Form
        -For young students this will be the best as they won't be able to fill out surveys or forms themselves.
        
        Functional Behavior Assessments (FBA)
        -Simple Functional Behavior Assessment Form
        -Intensive Functional Behavior Assessment Form
        
        Determining rewards
        -Forced Choice Reinforcement Survey
        
        Tier 3
        
        Strategies to redirect
        behaviors based on data tracking
        
        Teach Social Skills
        Why?
        Many students lack basic social skills and seeing as no one will likely teach them those skills, they're deemed to only get more excluded and separated from the group. It will help students fit in that in turn will help with class participation, motivation and confidence.
        When?
        As regularly as possible, but pay close attention to those that exhibit clear signs sign of poor social skills and routines.
        How?
        Customize specific social skills lessons and interventions for individual students. Pay attention to; hygiene, manners, listening etc.
        
        Self monitoring
        Why?
        Promotes independent and responsible behaviors
        Promotes independence and self esteem
        Increases coping ability
        Improves on task behaviors
        Increases productivity
        Improves self awareness and reflection
        When?
        When students have poor attention, focus, and impulse control
        When students are disorganized, scattered, etc
        How?
        There are many ways to implement a self monitoring system or intervention with students, but basically, the technique involves sitting down with the student, defining the behavior(s) to address, and choosing and implementing an intervention or system by which the student can keep track of their own behavior and progress toward the behavioral or other goal
        Checklists and charts may be used by students to keep track of their behaviors
        Indicators, where the student, when they see or hear something, know they need to address the behavior
        
        Sensory tools
        Why?
        Sensory issues can have a big impact on kids’ behaviors. Provide the students with sensory stimulation, it’ll lead to increased work production, on task behavior, and improved focus.
        When?
        With students who have ADD/ADHD or is on the autism spectrum. Incorporate sensory tools when students exhibit signs of sensitivity to stimulus like sounds, tone / noise, textures, foods, temperature, too much activity in the class and other things in the environment.
        How?
        Depending on the issues - here are a variety of tools you can use:
        Tight fitting vests, headphones for music or to block out sound/noise, dimmer lighting, rubber pencil grips, fidget toys, air seat pads, sitting on a yoga ball, chewing gum and using exercising bands.
        
        Data tracking systems
        
        Behavior Specialist Referral Form
        -This form utilizes a Behavior and Academic checklist, as well as takes environmental factors into consideration.
        
        Counselling Referral Form
        -Hand a form over with behavior checklists to the school or private counselor.
        
        Parent Questionnaire
        -The parents will give you a better insight into possible causes for the student's behavior issues.
- - - - Strategies to redirect
        behaviors based on data tracking
        
        Acknowledging Positive Behavior
        Why?
        The students respond much better to positive reinforcement than to negative.
        When?
        It can range from big to small things. The more you do it the better it is.
        How?
        A ratio of 5:1 - 5 praises and approvals for every one criticism. Aid your appraisals with positive body language and excitement.
        
        Avoid power struggles
        Why?
        It keeps you in control and prevents the student from feeding off of attention from the others in the class. Helps you, the adult remain calm.
        When?
        When a student is trying to engage in an argument with you and they can't seem to drop it.
        How?
        Do not match the emotional level of the student. State your expectation and walk away.
        
        Frequent Home Contact
        Why?
        Give the parents info on their child's behavior at school. They might be oblivious to the case. Builds rapport and trust with the school and home. Students tend to be much more afraid of their parents than teachers.
        When?
        As a consequence when students misbehaved.
        How?
        Use a calm and neutral tone and describe the behavior clearly and with detail. Have academic data ready to aid your point.
      - Data tracking systems
        
        Daily positive behavior tracking
        -Track the student's positive behavior and reflect on that with the student and parents. It's very easy to track small students' attempts in doing good in class. Younger students react especially well to positive tone, body language, excitement and praise.
        
        Hand raising tracking form
        -It's a very simple way to track good behavior. Younger students are especially attentive to raising their hands to show participation, excitement and interest.
      - Tier 2
        
        Strategies to redirect
        behaviors based on data tracking
        
        Reward system
        Why?
        Positive feedback is much more effective and it gives students something to aim for or look forward to. It increases motivation.
        When?
        Every time students don't participate and shows a lack of interest in class. When students break the rules and have poor attention or focus.
        How?
        Token economy will work well with younger kids. They earn a token every time they meet predetermined goals which they can use to buy or get something after a certain number - like candy or stickers
        
        Non-Verbal Cues & Signals
        Why?
        It doesn't draw much attention to the student while creating a working relationship. It saves time. It builds student confidence.
        When?
        When a students does something good.
        How?
        Have the student choose the sign to use, but keep it simple like a handshake.
        
        Organizational tools
        Why?
        It provides order, awareness and structure for the student. It improves time management, success, morale and confidence.
        When?
        When students exhibit poor organization. You can tell if your student is not organised, look at his desk, school bag and/or locker. The student will continuously not hand in work or lose resources and materials.
        How?
        You can tell the students to keep a planner, calendar, checklist and daily schedules. Peers and for younger students, parents, can assist with this.They should have a visual schedule.
        
        Data tracking systems
        
        Parent questionnaire
        This is a very effective way in getting to know the student on a personal level. This might reveal causes for unwanted behavior. Younger students also react much better to parents' disciplining them than teachers.
        
        Tier 3
        
        Strategies to redirect
        behaviors based on data tracking
        
        The praise game
        Why?
        Classroom misbehavior takes up a lot of class time. This game will reinforce positive behavior.
        When?
        As much as possible. The game should last the whole period.
        How?
        Divide the class into equal table groups. Write the names of the table groups on the board together with three or so behavior expectations they should meet every 5 minutes. You can use a timer. Grade each group on their behavior every time the timer goes off. Tally up the scores at the end of the period and give the winning table a prize.
        
        Time-out
        Why?
        Quick and easy way to deal with a misbehaving kids. It can also be an effective tool to use at home - for consistency.
        When?
        When a student misbehaves and disrupts the class. When the student likes the negative attention.
        How?
        Choose a specific spot, time and what they should be doing in the timeout. Provide the time-out area with a chair and desk and some materials. Students might be expected to write the class norms over and over until the timer goes off.
        
        No Passing Time
        Why?
        It prevents behavior issues and conflicts from occurring.
        When?
        When a student gets into trouble a lot.
        How?
        Keep the student until the normal passing time is over then send them to pass in the empty hallways.
        
        Data tracking systems
        
        Counselling referral form
        -If the parents and the teachers can't get the student to behave in class, the teacher will have to submit a counselling referral form to a counselor. A trained professional will have the necessary skills to deal with a young student misbehaving.
        
        School counselor referral form
        -You can first send the student to a school counselor before looking outward for private intervention. Young students will see the seriousness of their misbehavior by dealing with a grownup they might not be familiar with.