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Eukaryotic Cell Structure (Cell Wall, Ribosomes (Types (depends on which…
Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Cell Membrane
Chloroplasts
Nucleus
contains the hereditary material & controls cell's activities
Parts
Nucleoplasm
granular, jelly like material which fills nucleus.
Chromosomes
made of protein bound linear DNA.
Nucleolus
manufactures ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosomes.
Nuclear Pores
allow large molecules like mRNA to pass out nucleus.
Nuclear Envelope
a double membrane that surrounds nucleus & is continuous with ER. Often has ribosomes on surface. Controls entry & exit of materials of nucleus & contains reactions taking place within it.
Golgi Aparatus
Functions
produce secretory enzymes
form lysosomes
secrete carbohydrates
proteins and lipids produced by ER are passed through. Golgi modifies the proteins by adding non protein components like adding carbohydrate to proteins to form glycoproteins
proteins and lipids are labelled and sent to correct destinations by being transported in Golgi vesicles which come off ends of Golgi cisternae. Vesicles then move to cell surface to fuse with membrane and release contents to outside
Structure
similar to SER but more compact
consists of a stack of membranes that make up flattened sacs (cisternae) with small rounded hollow structures called vesicles.
Cell Wall
Mitochondrion
Ribosomes
Types (depends on which cell they are found in)
70S
in prokaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts. Is smaller.
80S
in eukaryotic cells
Structure
have two subunits (large and small). Both contain ribosomal RNA and protein. They are small but plenty.
small, cytoplasmic granules where protein synthesis takes place.
Lysosomes
Functions
release enzymes to outside of cell (exocytosis) to destroy material around cell.
digest worn out organelles so the useful chemicals they are made of can be re-used.
break down cells once dead (autolysis)
hydrolyse material ingested by phagocytic cells such as white blood cells and bacteria.
isolate enzymes from rest of cell and release them to outside or to a phagocytic vesicle.
formed when the vesicles produced by Golgi contain enzymes like proteases and lipids.
Vacuole
Plant Vacuole Functions
sugars and amino acids act as a temporary food store.
pigments colour petals to attract pollinating insects.
support plants by making cells turgid.
fluid filled sac bound by a membrane (tonoplast)
contains
mineral salts, sugars, amino acids, wastes and pigments
Secretory Vesicle
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Structure
RER
SER
Cytoskeleton & Centriole