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Critical thinking (Questions that use the elements of thought (Purpose…
Critical thinking
Questions that use the elements of thought
Purpose What try to achieve?
Information, what information am I using to reach that conclusion?
Inferences / Conclusions How did I come to this conclusion?
Implications / Consequences, If someone accepted my position, what would be the implications?
Concepts What is the central idea?
Assumptions What am I taking for granted?
Points of view, from what point of view am I approaching this issue?
Questions, what question am I asking?
Definición
Critical thinking is that way of thinking - on any subject, content or problem - in which the thinker improves the quality of his thinking by seizing the inherent structures of the act of thinking and by subjecting them to intellectual standards.
The elements of thought
Points of view frame of reference, perspective, orientation
Purpose of goal, objective thinking
Question in question problem, matter
Information data, facts, observations, experiences
Interpretation and inference conclusions, solutions
Concepts theories, definitions, axioms, laws, principles, models
Assumptions presuppositions, which is accepted as given
Implications and consequences
A checklist to reason
All reasoning has a PURPOSE
All reasoning is an attempt to SOLVE a PROBLEM, SOLVE a QUESTION or EXPLAIN something
All reasoning is based on ASSUMPTIONS.
All reasoning is done from a PERSPECTIVE.
All reasoning is based on DATA, INFORMATION and EVIDENCE.
All reasoning is expressed by CONCEPTS and IDEAS
All reasoning contains INFERENCES or INTERPRETATIONS by which CONCLUSIONS are reached and that give meaning to the data.
All reasoning has or ends or has IMPLICATIONS and CONSEQUENCES.
egocentric thinking
Self-centered thinking arises from the sad fact that we humans do not usually consider the rights and needs of others, nor do we usually appreciate the views of others or the limitations of our point of view.
Evaluation criteria to verify the reasoning
Purpose, Question, Information, Concepts, Assumptions, Inferences, Point of View, Implications
Characteristics or intellectual virtues
Confidence in reason, Intellectual Perseverance, Impartiality, Intellectual Humility, Intellectual Integrity, Intellectual Autonomy, Intellectual Empathy, Intellectual Integrity.