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Viruses and Bacteria (Viruses (Pathogenesis- (Lysogenic- Viral DNA hiding…

- - - - Vector- virus with a protein
  - - - Retro virus- enzyme that reads RNA
      - Restriction enzyme- bacteria enzyme that cuts up viral DNA that has not started making viruses yet
      - Reverse transcriptase- turns RNA to DNA
      - Entervirus- single stranded RNA virus
  - - - Capsid- protein shell enclosing the viral genome
        
        Capsomere- a subunit of the capsid, made of protein that protects the genetic material of a virus.
- - - - Fimbraie- Version of pili used for making pili sticky
      - Conjugation- DNA is transferred between 2 prokaryotic cells temporily joined by pili
    - - Taxis- movement by bacteria
    - - Peptidoglycan- glyco protein found in cell walls ( sorts bacteria into gram+ and gram -
        
        Gram positive- Single layer of peptidoglycan
        
        Gram negitive- double peptidoglycan
      - Endotoxin- chemical compound inside bacteria thats only released when "killed"
      - Exotoxin- try to block competing bacteria
  - - - Gram + and Gram - determine which antibiotic to use
      - F and R plasmids- resistance to antibiotics
  - - - Eukaryota
        
        Binary fission- division of a single cell into two or more parts
      - Archaea- Single celled prokaryotic organisms that have distinct characterisitics seperating them from eukaryotic
        
        photosynthetic- love extreme environments
        
        Halophile- bacteria that love high salt environments
        
        Cynobacteria- photosynthesis prokaryotes
        
        Thermophile- heat loving bacteria
  - - - cause disease, produce toxins, spoil food, cause imbalance
    - - Symiotic relationships, oxygen, decomposers, yogurt
    - - biofilm- one or 2 organisms that can grow on different surfaces
    - - Strep
      - Staph
- - - - Parasitism- Parasite harms host
      - commensalism- one species benifits the other isnt harmed
      - mutualism- Symbiosis that benifits both relationships
        
        Nitrogen fixation- N2 to ammonia NH3- mutualism with plants
        
        Heterocyst- bacteria turning nitrogen gas into ammonia
      - Predation- one benifits while the other is killed
      - Symbiont- two organisms that live in symbiosis with one another.
      - Host- a symbiotic relationship (virus infects host)
        
        Host range- number of host a virus can effect
    - - CRISPR Cas system- CAS proteins identify and cut phage DNA
      - prophage- integrated viral DNA that gets into
        
        provirus- the genetic material of a virus as incorporated into, and able to replicate with, the genome of a host cell.
      - Temperate phage- refers to the ability of some bacteriophages to display a lysogenic life cycle
      - Virulent phage- A bacteriophage that causes the destruction of the host bacterium by lysis.