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STATISTICS (STATISTICS is the discipline that concerns the collection,…

- - - - is the application of probability theory, a branch of mathematics, to statistics, as opposed to techniques for collecting statistical data. Specific mathematical techniques which are used for this include mathematical analysis, linear algebra, stochastic analysis, differential equations, and measure theory
        
        DEFINITIONS OF STATISTICS
- - - - Statistics plays a central role in almost all natural and social sciences. The methods used in natural sciences are the most reliable but conclusions drawn from them are only probable because they are based on incomplete evidence.
        MATHEMATICS
- - - - (3) Statistics helps in collecting appropriate quantitative data.
        
        (4) Statistics helps in presenting complex data in a suitable tabular, diagrammatic and graphic form for easy and clear comprehension of the data.
        
        (5) Statistics helps in understanding the nature and pattern of variability of a phenomenon through quantitative obrsevations.
- - - - Common Statistical Formulas
        
        Population Mean
        μ = ( Σ Xi ) / N
        
        Population Standard Deviation
        σ = sqrt[ Σ ( Xi – μ )2 / N ]
        
        Population Variance
        σ2 = Σ ( Xi – μ )2 / N
        
        Sample Mean
        x_bar = ( Σ xi ) / n
        
        Sample Standard Deviation
        s = sqrt [ Σ ( xi – x_bar )2 / ( n – 1 ) ]
        
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