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Bone Fracture (Background information (Classification of bone fractures…

- - - - Blood vessels torn by the fracture release blood. This blood starts to clot and forms a fracture hematoma.
    - - Blood vessels torn by the fracture release blood. This blood starts to clot and forms a fracture hematoma
      - Tissue grows until the two ends meet. These growths are known as calluses, and their purpose is to stabilize the fracture.
    - - Solid bone replaces spongy bone, completing the healing process
  - - - diaphysis
        
        hollow, tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends
        
        inside the diaphysis is the medullary cavity, which is filled with yellow bone marrow in an adult
      - epiphysis
        
        filled internally with spongy bone
    - - Denser, stronger of the two types of osseous tissue
        
        Makes up the outer cortex of all bones
        
        As you move from the outer cortical compact bone to the inner medullary cavity, the bone transitions to spongy bone
      - Contains osteocytes housed in lacunae
    - - Contains osteocytes housed in lacunae, but they are not arranged in concentric circles
        
        Lacunae and osteocytes found in a lattice-like network of matrix spikes called trabeculae
        
        Trabeculae are covered by the endosteum, which can readily remodel them
        
        Each trabecula forms along lines of stress to direct forces out to the more solid compact bone providing strength to the bone.
      - Provides balance to the dense and heavy compact bone by making bones lighter so that muscles can move them more easily
    - - Osteoblast
        
        responsible for forming new bone and is found in the growing portions of bone, including the endosteum and the cellular layer of the periosteum
      - Osteogenic cell
        
        undifferentiated with high mitotic activity and they are the only bone cells that divide
      - Osteocyte
        
        As the secreted matrix surrounding the osteoblast calcifies, the osteoblast become trapped within it and becomes an osteocyte, the most common type of bone cell
        
        Osteocytes maintain the mineral concentration of the matrix via the secretion of enzymes
      - Osteoclast
        
        The cells responsible for bone resorption, or breakdown
- - - - Early fracture stabilization
      - Early soft tissue coverage
      - Prophylactic parenteral antibiotics
      - Pay attention to signs of compartment syndrome
        
        Numbness
        
        Decreasing pulse
        
        Increasing pain
      - Wound, tissues, and bone fragments must be cleaned out in a surgical procedure as soon as possible
      - The fractured bone must also be stabilized to allow the wound to heal
      - X-ray