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The middle Ages to the Modern Period (Factors leading to geographical…
The middle Ages to the Modern Period
Feudal economics and society
Clergy
Had a spiritual function in society. They continiued to enjoy privileges, thite payments, own justice system. Did not pay taxes
Peasant
Artisans, mechants, doctors, lawyers. They did not have their own justice system, judged by lords or by kings. The taxes they paid sustained the privileged estates and the monarchy.
Noblemen
Did not work, could only be judged by the king or other noblemen, only paid taxes if they agreed to do in the courts. The most important noblemen had feudal estates wich they were lords.
Collective privileges, cities
Cities enjoyed the greatest collective privileges. Excercised through city council, similar the privileges of a lord.
Continuity kings and kingdoms
power was fragmented and was often the subject of disputes between monarchs, led the social and political instability. The disputes led to the appearance institution such as the courts and parliaments of the estates of the realm
Changes: key characteristics of a new era
RELIGIOUS CHANGE: It was a perod of religious intolerance, Jews and Mulsimwere persecuted, new set of believe, protestants
SOCIAL CHANGES: Wealthy middle class became important. Europe also recovered from the population cross of the 14th century.
CUTURAL CHANGES: New artistics styles appeared, new cultural movements on the italian peninsula. Europeans explored and discovered continents
POLITICAL CHANGES: Courts and parliaments did not disappeared, monarchies gained a lot of power.
ECONOMIC CHANGES: Crop and livestock farming continued to be the main economic activities the need to obtain precious metals.
Factors leading to geographical discoveries
POLITICAL AND RELIGIOUS FACTORS: There was a significant rivalry between Islamic and Christian states. This rivalry was particulary relevant in the iberian kingdoms.
SOCIOLOGICAL FACTORS:This factors were associated with the Renaissance, the desire to learn and explore.
DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS: After the population crisis there was a higher demand for precious metals and products from Asia.
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL FACTORS:Scientific and technological advances in navigation, such as carracks and caravels. Futhermore many geographers believed that the world was round
ECONOMIC FACTORS: Gold and silver were used t make coins, Europe was highly independent on products, such as spices. The traditional trade route was blocked, so alternative routes had to be found.
One of the most significant historical events of the 15th and 16th, discovery of territories previously unknown through maritime exploration. Historical factors.