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Right elbow appears broken, and part of the bone in the upper arm appears…
Right elbow appears broken, and part of the bone in the upper arm appears to be protruding from the skin. There appear to be fragments of bone in the wound.
12 year old boy was running
and fell forward, landing on his right arm.
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Anatomy of Long Bones
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Long Bone has two parts
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the epiphysis.
The wider section at each end of the bone, which is filled with spongy bone. Red marrow fills the spaces in the spongy bone. Each epiphysis meets the diaphysis at the metaphysis, the narrow area that contains the epiphyseal plate (growth plate), a layer of hyaline (transparent) cartilage in a growing bone.
How bones grow
- Cartilage “model” of bone forms. This model continues to grow as ossification takes place.
- Ossification (a process in which bone tissue is created from cartilage) begins at a primary ossification center in the middle of bone.
- Ossification then starts to occur at secondary ossification centers at the ends of bone
- The medullary cavity forms. This cavity will contain red bone marrow.
- Areas of ossification meet at epiphyseal plates, and articular cartilage forms. Bone growth ends
How bones form
At first, the majority of bones start out as cartilage when you're in your mothers womb and when you are first born. As a baby develops in the mother's womb, the skeletal system becomes organised into a framework of cartilage. After birth, hardening of all parts of the skeleton begins.
This happens because of Ossification which has bone-forming cells called osteoblasts. The old osteoblasts produce bone tissue (osteotissue) and also secrete the enzyme phosphatase which allows calcium salts to be deposited in the newly formed bone tissue. This makes the tissue hard or bone-like.
How bones remodel
bone is constantly being resorbed and replaced with new bone in a process called bone remodeling. Bone remodeling is carried out through the work of osteoclasts which are bone cells that resorb bone and dissolve its minerals and osteoblasts, which are bone cells that make new bone matrix.
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Remodeling also makes bones thicker at points where muscles place the most stress on them as well as helping regulate mineral homeostasis, as it either releases mineral from bones into the blood or absorbs mineral from the blood into bones.
Epiphyseal plate
The area of growth in a long bone. It is a layer of hyaline cartilage where ossification occurs in immature bones.
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He never consumes dairy products due to him being lactose intolerant and will only eat burgers, hot dogs, spaghetti, and junk food.
There are fragments of bone in his wound, part of bone in the brachium area of the patient appears to be protruding from the skin
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