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Skeletal (Bone fractures (Displaced (Bone out of anatomic alignment),…

- - - - 1) A fracture hematoma forms
        
        2) A fibrocartilaginous (soft) callus forms
        
        3) A hard (bony) callus forms
        
        4) The bone Is remodeled
- - - - Yellow bone marrow
    - - Osteocytes
      - Osteoclast
      - Osteoblast
    - - Osteocyte
      - Fibrous layer
      - Cellular layer
      - Perforating fibers
  - - - Adults who have stopped growing, the plate is replaced by an epiphyseal line, known as epiphyseal closure
        
        Complete fusion happens between ages 12-16 for girls and 14-19 for boys
- - - - Bone pains
- - - - Prolong healing process
    - - Debridement and irrigation
- - - - Begins 6 week after fertilization in an embryo
        
        Embryonic skeleton consist of fibrous membranes and hyaline cartilage
    - - Development from fibrous membrane
        
        Formation of flat bones of skull, mandible and clavicles
        
        Mesenchymal cells from a template of the future bone and differentiate into osteoblasts
        
        Osteoblasts secrete extracellular matrix and deposit calcium, which causes hardness
        
        Osteoid continues to form around blood vessels, forming spongy bone
        
        Spongy bone is remodeled into thin layers of compact bone
        
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      - Endochondral Ossification
        
        Development from hyline cartilage
        
        All bones of body, except flat bones of skull, mandible and clavicles are formed
        
        Perichondrium transforms into periosteum. Periosteal collar develops. Primary ossification center develops
        
        Cartilage and chondrocytes continue to grow at ends of bone
        
        Secondary ossification center
        
        By the time the fetal skeleton is fully formed, cartilage only remains at the joint surface as articular cartilage