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Medieval Society (1100-1215) (1290-1450) (Why Tho? (Significance…

- - - - Feudal to Professional
        Mid 1450s - war populated w/ hobelars, longbows
        Hobelars - light armored troops, rode horses thru
        difficult terrain, engage enemy on foot
        Gunpowder, artillery, firearms made changes
      - War Funds
        Parl gained power, King needs tax for war
        Reduces war appetite, anti-war factions grew
        in politics w/ parl.
      - Knights in Warfare
        Soldiers used more frequent w/ pay, benefits
        Favoured by gov. soldiers also favoured their jobs
      - People's Involvement
        Rumours spread of FR desired invasion to
        destroy EN culture, language = "us against them"
        Lead to the develop of National Identity
- - - - Chivalry
        Welsh princes travel to London
        to pay Ed Homage (Llewelyn, 1276)
      - Profession
        Recruit large no. to crush WA
        In 2nd, 3rd campaign; 1276 - 1k knights
        15k infantry; little mercy - hi taxes
        brutally crush rebellions, Lly' and Dafydd
        beheaded and hung, drawn, quartered
        respectively
      - Scottish wars
        
        Chivalry
        Still use feudal system to recruit knights
        Unreliable - Vassals serve 40 days,
        bring promised no. of Knights; volunteers
        No pay, could still receive rewards
        
        Profession
        Unreliable methods, wars last +40 days
        Many vassals AWOL/paid scutage
        Volunteer no. are unreliable;
        Used contracs for knight - fixed times
        for service; more reliable, cost money
        WA war, more soldiers than feudal can prov.
        Paid 2d per day; specialist, carpenters etc.
        Needed to look after siege equipment
        Took food to feed; Ed ruthless - 7k killed/burned
        EN settlers make towns EN, symbol Stone of Scone
        (where SC king crowned) removed into Westminster Abbey
        SC = EN colony, heavy taxes, rebel lands given to loyal SC
        
        Scottish Wars #2
        
        Chivalry
        Church propaganda
        protray Ed as chival hero
        and EN's protector
        
        Profession
        Chevauchee - destructive to local comm'ies
        Ed's armies aggressively march thro
        Enemy countryside, loot 'n' burn
        Huge ££ cause complaints by leading barons
        Wars cont - war became prof, feudal was too inflexible
        for long, large wars; Parl. more important,
        Ed gave tax-payers say in MC; 1297 reissue
        to show abide to the law
        
        Hundred Years War
        
        Profession
        Feudal finally dismantled
        1450s - Armor knights on horseback now longbows
        (as most powerful force, Agincourt in 1415)
        Knights now light armour troops (hobelar)
        Armoured knights, feudalism, nobility dies
        Prof. soldiers made living, prof. knights made profit
        Fought for money, loots, ransoms, inc. foot soldiers
        Bankers loaned money to both sides,
        built castles from proceeds (e.g. Bodiam Castle)
        Merchants prov, ship food to armies, etc. war = business
        Equipment change; Maj. nobles chose scutage
        Soldiers incr. employed under contracts/indentures