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Logistics and principle chapter 9 (Transport modalities (Criteria…
Logistics and principle chapter 9
Distribution location
Location model
Heuristic model
Doesn't have to be the optimal solution
Analytic model
uses techniques that have been proven to determine the math optimum
Center of gravity model/grid model
Analytical model
Rough calculations for location of DC
Grid distance
Distance under square root
DC
Groupage
Transshipment
Inventory
For the formulas see book page 310 and 311
Inventory distribution management
Inventory points in supply chain
Sales
Consumer
Production
Purchasing
Suppliers
Levels in the supply chain
Wholesaler
Retailer
Manufacturer
Distribution requirements planning (DRP-I)
Methodology with which we can determine the replenishment requirements at distribtuion points phased in time
Multiplier effect
If decisions are made independent from each other in an inventory replenishments system then this effect happens
Dependent demand
Genrated by demand in previous link
Independent demand
Independent demand from previous link
Distribution resource planning (DRP-II)
Different from DRP-I because with DRP-I there was assumed that there are no capacity problems for transport, the warehouses or in factories
Optimim utilazation of available capacity in physical distribution part
Master schedule
Time phased plan of the items that need to be produced or purchased to be able to meet customer demand at the required moments
Trade-off between the wishes of marketing and the possibilities of production for making efficient use of its capacity
Rough-cut capacity planning (RCCP)
Takes availibility of people, machines and materials into consideration aswell as the financial means
Capacity requirements planning (CRP)
RCCP but then per unit
Distribution and transport
Electronic data interchange
Used for the preparation phase of the transport process
Dominant role in intergration in the chain
Transport management systems (TMS)
External transport
Traffic management
Rout planning package
Transport modalities
By rail
By road
Through the air
Through a pipeline
Over water
Criteria
Practicability
Delivery frequency
Variability
Risk
Acessibility
Transport costs
Speed
Route planning
Transport problem
Between manufacturer and customer
Transshipment problem
Through depot or warehouse
Traveling salesman problem
Shortest route to all customers
Knapsack problem
Minimum number of means of transport required
Clarke and Wright savings algorithm
Possible to make a round trip? From customer to DC to customer to DC
E-logistics
E-fulfillment
E-tailer
Online retailer
E-commerce
Consequences for logistics from e-commerce
Cusinesses conduct business directly with customers so fast responses become more important
Customer provides direct input in online shopping so automation systems need to be available for customers aswell
Internet is an interactive medium so businesses need to respond
Shorter lead times
Internet is a fast medium so fast delivery becomes important
Some links in the chain dissapear or gain a different function
Subsystems in e-logistics
Inventory
Short lead time
Warehousing
More small orders
Transport
Direct distribution is becoming less rewarding
Diversity in products
Wider product range
Changes to the chain
For example. Wholesaler could dissapear
Direction of chain integration
Forward and reverse