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Urban Environments (Urban land use (Urban land uses (Factories (Inner city…
Urban Environments
Urban land use
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CBD (Central Business District): Area at the center of the city. Highest footfall and high rise buildings owned by large corporates.
Transition zone: The area just outside the CBD. Factories and shops located.
Working-class residential zones: Factory workers are found living in small terraced housings in this area as they need to be close to work to save time and money.
Middle-class residential zones: Area where the middle class can be found. Just outside the working-class zones.
Commuter zone: The area furthest from the CBD. The richest live here and commute.
Burgess model is outdated as it is based on cities in 1960s and it also doesn't take geographical features into account.
Takes geographical features like rivers into consideration. The parts are called the same and has the same properties.
Hoyt's model is more reliable than the Burgess model but it does not represent all the cities. HICs are most likely to have no industrial area as they are located in the MICs.
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Urbanisation
Urbanisation: Urbanisation is the increase of percentage of the population of a country that lives in an urban environment.
Process of urbanisation
Agglomeration
Suburbanisation
Commuting
Urban regeneration
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Counter-urbanisation
Urban re-imaging
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Commuting: People moving outside to live while they work in the city. This is usually for people with high economic status. People commute as the city center gets loud and polluted.
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Urban re-imaging: Changing and developing the city more to bring people back into it after counter-urbanisation
Counter-urbanisation: Movement of people and businesses out of the urban area into smaller urban environments or rural areas.
Urbanisation of suburbs: Raising the standard of suburbs to the level of development of the urban area.
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Urban challenges
Megacities
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Sharp increase of pollution from food waste, and transport.
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Case Study: Singapore
Food shortages: Growing population with limited land space. They are getting most of their food source from imports. This has high food security risk as Singapore is not independent of its own food.
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Non-renewable energy sources: Singapore relies mostly on fossil fuels for energy to run the country. 95% of energy produced in Singapore is based on natural gas. This is a problem as the energy demand is rising but natural gas is limited and it is a problem for climate change.
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