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Nutritional genomics Field that studies relationship btwn genes and diet …

- - - - Activated by AMP
      - Negatively by ATP/G-6-P
  - - - --> G-6-P
        
        glycolysis
        
        Glucogenesis? in liver, released in blood stream
        
        Cori Cycle:
        Muscle, glu->2 Pyruvate +2ATP -> 2 lactate -> bloodstream
        Liver: 2 lactate -> 2 Pyruvate + 6ATP from fatty acids -> glucose -> blood
        
        Glyconeogenesis
        
        Reverse of glycogenesis
        only happens in the liver
        
        3 irreversible; need to.bypass enzymes
        
        Glu -> G6P
        glucokinase (liver), hexokinase (muscle)
        
        glucose-6-phosphatase
        
        Frac-6-P -> Frc 1,6Bis-P
        Phosphofructokinase (PFK)
        
        Fru-1,6-bisPhosphatase
        
        PEP -> Pyruvate
        Pyruvate kinase
        
        Pyruvate carboxylase
        Pyruvate (3C) -> oxylacetate (4C)
        
        1 more item...
        
        Glycogenesis
        G -> G6P -> G-1-P -> UDP —glycogen synthase, rate limiting —> glycogen
        
        Active (dephosphorylated) in fed state
        
        Stimulated by hormone: insulin
        
        In lipid metabolism, A.CoA * - fatty acid synthesis
        
        Glycogen: branching
        
        2 main trunks off of a glycogen core
        Many branches coming off of those trunks
        
        Many end points to start cleaving from
        
        Allows for a lot of storage in a compact structure
        
        After 6-7 a1-4 glycosidic bonds, begins to form A1-6 glycosidic bonds (supports branching)
    - - Stimulated by metabolites:
        Glucagon, epinephrine, cAMP, Ca
  - - - Ex. Glycogen synthase
- - - - Translocation of channels from vesicles to cell membrane
    - - Muscle contraction -> Ca released -> promotes signal that promotes translocation of GLUT4 channels
      - Useful especially for those with insulin resistance (T2DMm GDM)
- - - - Lipids traditionally cannot be converted to glucose
  - - - Most flexible
    - - Least flexible