Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Indigenous peoples (Residential schools (Government views (Duncan Scott…

- - - - Fred Saskamoose's grandfather taught him hockey before he was taken away. One of the people working at the residential school he was at noticed that he was a good player and started him in the hockey leagues. He worked his way up through the leagues until he reached the NHL. All he wanted through that time was to go home, a but after starting with a team in the NHL he finally got his wish.
  - - - She got really scared when they other children were beaten because she could see blood.
        
        A little girl died and her parents were not there because they had not even been notified
      - Sometimes Alice Littledeer was angry at her parents for leaving her there.
        
        Her children were also taken to residential schools and as they were taken she told them to b strong. She sent eleven children to residential schools.
    - - Michael Loft, fifty five years old, his father spent eleven years at a residential school
        
        His father once told him how he and the other boys were so bored after school that they would walk in circles around the cafeteria
        
        His father lived in fear of being hit and he brought that with him into his own families lives. His father put fear into his family and Michael did the same to his own family because it was all they knew.
        
        His father told him the story of when he was released from the school. How when he got out he returned to his home but he could not connect with his people because he no longer spoke their language. He now felt that the residential school was his home so he returned there.
      - Lorena Fontainge 38 her parents and grandparents spent time in residential schools
        
        She found out that her mother had been to a residential school when she was giving a speech at a gathering.
        
        She had been abused by members of her family and when she found out that they had attended residential schools she understood why.
        
        She felt ashamed of her heritage because her family never spoke about it and appeared to be ashamed of it also.
    - - Her parents did not want her to worry so they did not tell her that she would be gone for years at a time
      - Madeline Dion stout's parents could not visit her very often and one of the times she remembered them visiting they had not even entered the building yet and already she missed them. When they did leave she cried so long her nose bled.
      - Madeline Dion stout said that the schools were a blight on the land because they made them strangers in their own homes, they severed bonds between parents and children and added to their mental stress.
    - - Raymond mason said that one of the supervisors would take advantage of them in the showers, and he was beaten if he spoke his native tongue
      - Raymond Masons parents were told that it was in his best interest to go to a residential school and that he would be looked after
      - Raymond Mason and his siblings were separated and he did not even know that his sister was in the same building. When he saw her he ran to her and gave her a hug. For that he was stripped and beaten in front of the other children.
        
        He started trying to escape after he was beaten for speaking to his sister. He met a friend by the name of Adonal Ackerson and they made plans to run away. They paid dearly for these attempts as they were beaten by the RCMP and the bigger boys who helped track them down.
  - - - Knew that the children in residential schools were dying at a much higher rate than they were in their own village but did not think that it warranted a change in the way the schools were run
      - Duncan Scott stated in a report in 1920 that the objective was absorb all the Indians
    - - Stated that they must be taken from their homes so that they could be educated.
    - - In 1887 John A Macdonald wrote that a goal was to do away with the tribal system and to assimilate all the Indian people.
    - - Stated in a report for Indian Affairs in 1847 that their education must not just train their minds but also wean them of their culture and make them acquire the language and customs of civilized life
    - - Wrote in a report in 1879 that the goal of the residential schools was to destroy the Indian.
  - - - What the students received with the packet
        
        Accepting the packet released the government and the churches of the liability for everything except sexual and extreme physical abuse.
        
        An independent assessment process was set up to address sexual abuse and extreme physical abuse.
        
        The packet was $10,000 for the first year and $3,000 for every year after that the students spent in the schools
        
        Any money left over in the packet was to be donated to a foundation that supports the needs of the students of the residential schools.
      - There was more than the money given to the students to the compensation.
        
        The government funded a commemoration initiative of events, projects, and memorials.
        
        The settlement promised a truth and reconciliation commission to examine the legacy of the schools
        
        The TRC was established on June 1 2008 it's goals were documenting and promoting the impact of residential schools.
        
        Another goal was to provide a safe place for the survivors to tell their stories and to provide a report to the government on the legacy of the schools
        
        One of it's accomplishments was gaining access to 3.5 million documents held by the government regarding the schools which could strengthen a case of genocide.
        
        It's mandate was supposed to end in 2014 but in 2013 Bernard Valcourt announced that the mandate would continue until 2015
        
        The Aboriginal Healing foundation was established with a $350 million grant to help former students the federal funding ended in 2010.
      - Apologies
        
        government
        
        Stephen Harper the prime minister at the time apologized officially in front of parliament on June 11 2008
        
        churches
        
        Arch bishop Michael Peers of the Anglican church in 1993.
        
        Four leaders of the Presbyterian church in 1994
        
        The united church of Canada apologized twice once in 1986 and again in 1998
        
        pope Benedict XVI expressed his sorrow over the wrongs done the indigenous people in 2009.
        
        Though the Catholic church oversaw three quarters of the residential schools it was the last to offer an apology.
        
        Phil Fontaine said that though it was not a real apology he hoped it would close the books.
  - - - The students lived in substandard conditions and were subjected to emotional, physical and sexual abuse.
      - The students did not get to see examples of normal family life because they stayed at the school almost all year.
      - Brothers and sisters in the same school rarely saw each other and all correspondence was in English and their parents could not even read them.
      - When the students went back to the reserve they felt out of place they were ashamed of their heritage. The students also found it hard to function in urban society.
      - Some schools carried out nutritional experiments on malnourished students with the knowledge of the government.
  - - - 150,000 first nations, Inuit, and Metis children were taken from their homes and set to a residential school
- - - - In 1988 the Metis asked Louy Rael to come home. Louy Rael was the man who led the red river rebellion and then escaped to America.
        
        As soon as Louy Rael returned he started asking the government for reparations and compensation for his people. John A Macdonald refused. Louy Rael started and led another rebellion for that reason and because he found the government deceitful.
        
        John A Macdonald used the railway to crush the rebellion. The rebellion only ended when Louy Rael and was arrested. He had a chance to spare him which would gain him favour in Quebec or hang him which would gain him favour in the west. He decided to hang him.
- - - - The blanket were used for everything from lining shoes to closing doorways because they were resistant to shrinking, they were waterproof and warm.
    - - In Fort Pit in Pennsylvania the leaders knowingly used the blankets to infect tribes with diseases. the same was done in BC by churches. This made every blanket suspect
      - Small pox
        
        White people brought small pox and other diseases with them and because the indigenous people were not immune to them the diseases could wipe out whole tribes.
  - - - The indigenous people are the lowest earning group in Canada, they an infant mortality rate is twice the normal rate and their life expectancy is one of the lowest in the world at 36 years old.
      - Modern day trading posts
        
        The HBC trading post s often the only store on the reservations and as such they get to set the prices at whatever they want so the prices are very high.
        
        The trading posts were also the post offices and when the prices for other buyers of pelts came the store managers burned them.
      - The people on the Peguis reservation forgot their dances because they had been forbidden by the government and the churches to do them
    - - The HBC has several department stores. They still do business with indigenous people but they pay them very little for their goods
  - - - In 1960 Charles II wrote a charter giving the HBC a trade monopoly over what became Rupert's land.
      - The indigenous people were nomadic, they lived off the land and believed that the land belonged to everyone
      - After the trappers with their rifles and traps came the traders. They traded rifles for furs. With the introduction of this tool the indigenous people slowly abandoned their old ways of hunting.
        
        Trade
        
        The HBC had a monopoly on trade so they could adjust the exchange rates as they wished.
        
        Trading posts were run by a factor they were not well paid but they found other ways to make money.
        
        The factors would tell the indigenous people who came to trade that the prices were higher than they actually were and then keep money they got for the extra pelts.
    - - When the decision was made to give Rupert's land to Canada the indigenous people had no say in it., and the treaties were written in English and the chiefs were pressured into signing it.
      - The indigenous people were forced to move into the isolated places and the only compensation for their land they were given was three dollars, a couple balls of twine and some ammunition a year. For convenience it is only in cash now and it has been adjusted accordingly, every treaty Indian is now given five dollars a year