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Bone and Joints (accessory bone (os tibale externum (accessory navicular),…
Bone and Joints
accessory bone
bipartite medial cuneiform
bipartite navicular
os interphalangeus
os intermetatarseum
os vesalianum
os peroneum
os infranaviculare
os supranaviculare
os supratalare
os tibale externum (accessory navicular)
type 1
sesamoid in the tendon
type 2
articulating accessory ossification center
partially articulate, pseudo-arthritis
type 3
fused
os trigonum
os calcaneus secundarius
os supracalcaneum
os subtibiale
inferior to medial malleolus
os subfibulare (bipartite)
bone anatomy
epiphysis
diaphysis
metaphysis
outer cortex
inner medulla
periosteum
principles
alignment (parellism)
talar and calcaneal axes
APPOSITION (degree of bony contact)
subluxation (partial apposition)
dislocation (0% apposition)
angulation (lack of alignment)
bone
girth
tubulation
over tubulation (decrease girth)
length
contour
growth
form
length
deformity
exostosis
expansile lesion (e.g. giant cell tumour - decrease density)
cartilage
soft tissue
periosteum e.g. calcification
sesamoid (ossifies within a tendon)
partite sesamoids 1st MTPJ
accessory sesamoids (latter ossicles- lesser MTPJ)
TA tendon sesamoid
law
Wolff law (remodel according to forces)
bone strut formation
trabucular pattern in cancellous
metatarsal, calcaneus, med head
apophysis (normal outgrowth of bone arisses from a seperate ossification center, fuse later)
insertion point for tendon or ligament
