BRIDGES
click to edit
Material: Bridges started with using the material timber and stones. Then it involved into iron and steel.
Texture: In the Middle Ages the construction of flat arches was developed in order to build lighter bridges and larger spans.
Arches transfer distributed vertical loads to the foundation mainly by compression, as the picture on the right has shown.
click to edit
click to edit
click to edit
The bridge can be in a lot of different colors, the London bridge is red, because it's on the ocean, so it gives the atmosphere a vivid color.
L: What Is A Color Or Visual Appearance That Fits Cities?
click to edit
-Bascule: tower bridge in London
-Cantilever: structure along the x-axis supported only on 1 end.
For example: cube bridge of Canada
-Suspension: deck is hung with the help of cables
For example: New York golden gate bridge
-Beam bridges: easiest to construct and the most inexpensive
Example: overpasses flyover or walkways
click to edit
M: What Are Some Different Type Of Bridges?
-Arch bridges: are arched shaped and have supports on both ends
click to edit
H: How Long Does It take To Build A Bridge?
There are different types of bridges, each kind requires different building time limit. If the roadway is closed to traffic, this can be placed in less than a few weeks, but for the regular ones, are typically three months thus for more longer and complex one require at least 1-3 years.
-Truss bridge: strong and efficient little difficult to maintain.
L: How Has Bridges Structures And Features Evolved?
H: What Structure Of Bridge Increased Its stability? Why?
The pressure of the bridge itself is distributed equally among the cables.
It has strong cables and strong pillars
Uses the shape triangle (strongest place is on the point) When the pressure is pushed on the point, it stands, but is we pressure on the arms, it bends.
It is pulled by tension, the bridge maintain it's stability by tension
Weight is spreading out equally
H: Reference:
click to edit
H: What Are The Material Used For Bridges Constructions?
Iron ➯ Is not only good for compression but also good for holding things up.
Brick ➯ Present as a symbol of past architectural culture.
Usually reinforced and pre-stressed concrete
Concrete & Steel ➯ Manmade refined materials, the start of modern bridge engineering technology, plus they got a higher range of work flexibility.
Timber & Wood ➯ Has the advantage of high toughness and renewable in nature. In addition, they have an appreciable strength value with a lower value of density, so they can be transported easily.
click to edit
Priority Key:
High=(H)
Low=(L)
Median (M)
click to edit
What Are The Main Properties Usually Specified By The Bridge Designers?
Strength
The bridge must be touch and has a lot of strength so it can hold up the weight of the people/cars walking on it
Toughness
If the bridge is touch enough, it will be very stable
Ductility
The bridge needs to be strong, and if we need to extend it, we will be able to extend it
Durability
A strong bridge takes up money, so the quality must be good. The bridge need to be able to "live" for a long period of time
Semi-circular arch- the geometry of this shape allow weight to transfer on it. (strongest structure)
Structure similar to a suspension bridge
click to edit
Arch Bridge
Observation: this bridge has a very simple structure but a complex theory. If you are me you would also probably wonder why how did this bridge sustain so strong while the whole texture/material is the same. The arch build is simply just a bridge made out of one shape. We put the shorter side of shape facing the inside, and the wider side facing the outside. When we push on it, the top part began to fall, and when it fall it pushed the side parts away. Because every piece fits together so well, so when we push it apart, it pushes one and another.
Suspension Bridge
Observation: suspension bridge is the hardest to build, it has a complex structure but a simple theory. Our suspension bridge isn't very steady, so when I put my weight on it, the string first broke off, then it pushed the other sticks apart and it collapse. This happened because we put too much weight on the bridge (the bridge couldn't sustain our weight) then it collapse, it collapse in the middle, so the left and right part are pushed apart. then when it is pushed apart the whole domain fell and it broke.
Da Vinci Bridge
Observation: even though this bridge is the hardest to figure out, but it is the strongest of all. IT is so STRONG that we nearly didn't break it.
What happened: everybody use full strength on the bridge, the bridge bounce up and down, but didn't broke. Finally it collapse, when it collapse the whole thing "bounced" and then the top of the bridge (sticks) pushed the bottom part of the bridge down. It is so strong because each popsicle is tightened with each other neatly crossed. The DA VINCI bridge is one of my favorite bridge, it is steady, stable, and safe.
Beam Bridge
Observation: We observed that the beam bridge is so simple that it is so unstable. We fold the beam bridge like in 1 minute, and when we experiment it (crush it) the middle part first collapse and then the 2 sides collapse with it. So the weakest part of this bridge is the middle.
Truss Bridge
Observation: This type of bridge has a complex structure but simple base. It involves triangle in able to make to more stable. It works very well eventually, because when we are trying to compress it, it stands still for about five to seven seconds. When we add more force onto it, it finally collapsed.
click to edit
BEAM BRIDGE
1.Simplest, oldest, and cheapest type of bridge.
2.Basic form, consists a horizontal beam that is supported each end by pier
3.Distance between the pillars are equal (The more distance, the weaker the bridge)
DA VINCI BRIDGE
Related to the Arch bridge
ARCH BRIDGE
1.Uses arch as a main structural component.
2.The core component of the bridge is the abutments and pillars
3.Can support any type of use including pedestrians, traffic, rail and water.
4.Uses tension and threatens in a certain way.
SUSPENSION BRIDGE
1.Use ropes or cables from vertical suspender to hold the weight of the bridge and traffic.
- Able to suspend over large spans
- Very flexible and can respond to the force of wind, earthquakes or traffic well.
TRUSS BRIDGE
1.Triangle shaped posts above the bridge helps distribute forces across the whole bridge. Leading to the bridge to be able to handle much stronger forces and heavier loads.
2.Very popular design due to their incredible resilience and economic builds since It requires ad small amount of material for construction.
3.Can be both fixed and moveable, used currently for railroad.