Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Macrophage (Activation by: (By binding of (Pattern recognition receptors…
Macrophage
Activation by:
cytokine, interferons,
bacterial endotoxin
Lipopolysaccharide
Pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMPs)/ (DAMPs)
Interferon y
Intracellular microbes
By binding of
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)
Toll-like receptors (TLR)
Example: TLR 4
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Phagocytic receptors
Complement receptors (CR3)
Complement
C3a
C5a
Functions
immunological
inflammatory
phagocytosis
act as antigen presenting cell(APC)
MHC class 1 and 2
initiation of adaptive immunity
non-immunological
muscle regeneration
wound healing
iron homeostasis
tissue homeostasis
Classification depends on stimulation
Macrophage type 2
Stimulated by IL-4. IL-13 released by mast cell, Th2, eosinophil
Kill extracellular parasites
Tissue repair, wound healing, vascular stability, production of collagen, anti-inflammatory response
Macrophage type 1
Stimulated by interferon y, LPS released by CD8 Tc, NK. Th1
Kill intracellular pathogens
release Nitric Oxide, Reactive oxygen intermediate(ROI), restriction of iron and other nutrients required for bacterial growth and viral replication
NO-inhibit pathogen replication
response
Pro-inflammatory cytokines
IL-1b/ IL-6/ TNF-a/ CXCL8/ IL-12
increase influx of effector cells to the site of infection, stop pathogen replication and killing of pathogen
Interferon y
Increase Pro-inflammatory cytokines
Disrupts IL-10 secretion
Inhibit suppression of macrophage by IL-10