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cells and histology Marylen Ventura (EPITHELIAL TISSUES (CONNECTIVE…
cells and histology
Marylen Ventura
cell parts (organelles)
nucleus
nucleolus
EPITHELIAL TISSUES
SIMPLE SQUAMOUS:
L: - alveoli - line lymph - blood vessels -l ining of body -cavities and viscera
F: - diffusion - filtration
D: - flat disk shapes
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL:
F: - covers ovaries - lines kidney - tubles - ducts of glands
L: - secretion - absorption
D: - the length is the same as the width
SIMPLE COLUMNAR:
F: Non-cilitated: - digestive tract - microvilli
Ciliated: - fallopian tubes
L: - absorption - secretion - prophets eggs
D: tall colums
PSEUDO STRATIFIED COLUMNAR:
F: - secretion - propulsion of mucus (made by goblet cells)
L: Non-ciliated: - ducts of large glands - urethra
Ciliated: - trachea - upper respiratory tract
D: looks like columnar but not all of the cells reach the bottom
STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS:
F: - protects underlying tissues from absorption
L: Non-keratinized: - esophagus - mouth - vagina - anal canal
Keratinized: - skin (epidermis)
D: the cells look like multiple of flat disks
STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL:
F: protection
L: - lines mammary - sweat - salivary glands - pancreas - female and male reproductive ducts
D: the cells look like stacked up cubes
STRATIFIED COLUMNAR:
F: - protection - secretion
L: (VERY RARE) - largest ducts of salivary gland - male urethra
D: - columns stacked on top of each other
TRANSITIONAL RELAXED:
F: - stretching - barrier
L: - ureters - bladder - urethra
D: the cells are relaxed
TRANSITIONAL STRETCHED:
F: - stretching - barrier
L: - ureters - bladder - urethra
D: the cells are stretched
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE:
D:
L: + underlies almost all epithelium + under skin + surrounds capillaries + wrapping organs
F: + wrap and cushions + holds and soaks up excess fluids + area for fighting infection
ADIPOSE TISSUE:
D:
L: + stored in layer below skin + yellow marrows + eyeballs and kidneys
F: + nutrient + storing function + insulation + protecting
RETICULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE:
D:
L: +bone marrow +spleen +liver +lymph nodes
F: +soft internal skeleton +holds cells together
DENSE FIBROUS (irregular) :
D:
L: +surrounds kidneys +lymph nodes +bones
F: +strength in multiple directions of pull
DENSE FIBROUS ( irregular):
D:
L: +ligaments +lendon
F: +attach muscle to bone or bone to bone
ELASTIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE:
D:
L: +vocal cords +aorta
F: +strength with great elasticity
CARTILAGE:
D:
F: +support +framework +attachment +protects.
HYALINE:
D:
L: +embryonic skeleton +in adults +nose +tracheal rings -larynx costal cartilage of ribs
F: +flexibility +movement +support cushions +bone growth/repair +compressional stress
ELASTIC:
D:
L: +external ear +epiylottis of larynx
F: gives shape with flexibility
FIBROCARTILAGE: D: L: +found in intervertebral discs F: +knee joints
HAVERSIAN SYSTEMS = OSTEONS
Lacunate - Chambers osteocyte, live in
Canaliculic canal - connecting canal between lacunae
Haversian canal -central
HEMOPOIETI TISSUE:
D:
L: +red marrow of bones +spleen otonsis +lymph nodes
F: responsible for formation of blood cells and lymphane system cells
NERVOUS TISSUE AND MUSCLE TISSUE
Skeletal muscle:
D:
L: attached to skeleton
F: voluntary by body movement
CARCLIA MUSCLE:
D:
L: forms wall of heart
F: pump blood throughout the body -involuntary control -can form contractle tissue
SMOOTH MUSCLE:
D:
L: walls of blood vessels hollow Oregon like infesting -found surrounding hollow organs - involuntary
F: movement within the body
NERVOUS TISSUE:
D:
L: brain - spinal cord -nervous
F: rapid communication -control of body function
CELLULAR TRANSPORT: active transport- uses diffusion high to low and uses no energy
Passive transport -uses engulfing, transports protein low to high and needs energy
MITOSIS: mitosis is simple duplication into two daughter cells which end up having the same number of chromosomes as the parents. Both daughter cells duplicate DNA and all the parts of the cell
MEIOSIS: meiosis is a result of four daughter cells and each one of them only has half of the chromosomes . The cells are only for reproduction antique additional generic material from the parent cell