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cells and histology Leslie Luviano P.2 (cell parts (lysosomes (kills and…
cells and histology Leslie Luviano P.2
cell parts
lysosomes
kills and digests bacteria
found in every animal
cytoplasm
has various functions in the cell
located outside the nucleus
vacuoles
can be anywhere in the cell's cytoplasm except in the nucleus or cell membrane
found anywhere in the cells cytoplasm
cell membrane
located outside of the cell
separates the cells form the ones outside
smooth ER
different functions depending on the cell
higher near the nucleus
Rough ER
collect in the endoplasmic reticulum
higher near the nucleus
ribosomes
packets of Rna and protein
found in the cytosol
nucleus
Dna responsible for providing the cell unique character
central region of the cell
nucleolus
produces ribsomes
Located inside the nucleus
centrosome
Produces microtubles
positioned in the cytoplasm
secretory vesicle
neurotransmitter
present in the cytoplasm
cytoskeleton
It helps maintain cell shape
Could be found in the rough endoplasm
peroxisome
protects the cells from its production
occurs in the cytoplasm
centriole
A pair of small organelles
Located near the nucleus in the centrosome
mitochrondria
working organelles that keep the cell full of energy
depending upon the function of that type of cell
chromatin
chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria
located in the nucleus
cytosol
located in prokaryotes
cellular metabolism
cellular transport
simple diffusion
simple diffusion goes from highest to lowest
occurs when small molecules pass through the lipid of a cell membrane
facilitated diffusion
f transporting particles into and out of a cell membrane
occurs in the cell body
active transport
their lower concentration to a region of their higher
takes place in the internal lining of the small intestine
osmosis
osmosis goes from lowest to highest
occurs in both the small and large intestines
The movement of compounds across the outer wall or membrane of the cell
passive transport uses no energy
active transport generally employs Atp to drive
4 major tissues
Epithelial
lines the outer surface of organs and blood vessels
simple one layer
forms protective covering
squamous flatten and wider than taller
stratified has two or more layers
cuboidal cube shape wide as tall
columnar taller than wider
pseudo stratified one layer but looks like more
muscular
soft tissue that composes muscles in animal bodies
movement change in body positions within body
formed during embryonic
connective
Adipose stores energy in the form of fat
develops from the mesoderm
Cartilage is a resilient and smooth elastic tissue
nervous
makes up the central nervous system
contains two categories of cells
receive stimuli and send the impulse to the spinal cord and brain
composed of neurons,
cell cycle
meiosis
prophase I
they coil and become shorter and thicker and visible
metaphase I
the pairs of chromosomes referred to as bivalents are fully condensed
anaphase I
begins when the two chromosomes of each bivalent
mitosis
metaphase
the third phase of mitosis
separates the duplicated genetic material
anaphase
separates the duplicated genetic material
the fourth phase of mitosis
prophase
chromosomes pair up to form bivalets
a process that separates the duplicated genetic
telophase
Telophase is the fifth and final phase of mitosis
the nuclear envelopes reform around the new nuclei
anaphase 2
the sister chromatids of each chromosome separate and move toward opposite poles
telophase
the chromosomes reach opposite pole
prophase 2
the nuclear envelope breaks down and the spindle apparatus form
methaphase 2
in each of the two daughter cells produced by the first meiotic division