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Alkanes (12.4: Combustion of Alkanes (Polluting the Atmosphere (CO is a…
Alkanes
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12.1: Alkanes
Saturated hydrocarbons and among the least reactive organic compounds. Used as fuels and starting materials for compounds and are sourced from crude oil
Physical Properties
Polarity- Almost non-polar as the electronegativities of C and H are so similar, so they only have weak van der waals forces which get stronger as molecule gets larger
Boiling points- Increases as chain length increases and also changes state, smaller alkanes are gases, pentane liquid and from 18 Cs becomes solid
Solubility- Insoluble in water as water molecules held together by hydrogen bonding much stronger than van der waals, however they do mix with other relatively non-polar liquids.
How alkanes react: Relatively unreactive. Have strong C-C and C-H bonds. Don't react with acids, bases, oxi agents and red agents, but burn and react with halogens under suitable conditions.