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Facet Catalogs DL (Study of User Search Activities with Two Discovery…

- - - - open-ended tasks that required participants to find recent journal articles in the area of supply chain management.
  - - - Topic (or Subject) is another frequently used facet in both VuFind and Primo. Topic is content-related and it is based on the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSHs), which may be difficult to understand for users without some training or knowledge. The relatively high usage of Topic (or Subject) facet suggests that the patrons were able to take advantage of the authority data to access the library’s collections. Although some facets are frequently used, it is difficult to find a highly used value under that particular facet. Users used a variety of facet values with each value has been used only once or twice. For example, facets like Topic and Author do not have any particular popular values. As a whole, these facet values are collectively helpful for users but there is no single frequently selected value, due to the unlimited enumerative nature of these facets.
  - - - As to the query reformulation, three reformulation strategies are identified from the log data: narrowing, parallel, and broadening
        
        More users tended to narrow a search than to broaden one. Narrowed queries are typically longer than the original ones and are assumed to lead to higher satisfaction (Belkin et al., 2003)
        
        Users narrowed down most searches by adding one or several terms to append some specific information, such as content, time, or format. Examples of narrowing searches are:
        
        Parallel movement of searches involves synonym replacement, format change, and spelling correction. Some examples are:
        
        In general, many of the queries beyond the first iteration were simple deviations from the initial one. Some the query modifications were were performed to correct typographical errors. This observation is in line with White and Marchionini’s (2007) finding that many further queries were simply “syntactic variants” of the initial one. Therefore, the initial query is very important in determining search success.
        
        Compared to narrowing or paralleling movements, broadening activities were much less common for patrons. Most broadened queries were the shortened version of the previous queries and were created by removing one
        
        If users modified their original queries more than once, they rarely persisted in narrowing down or broadening up through successive trials. Most users would use mixed strategies of narrowing, broadening, and parallel