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MUSCULOSKELETAL - muscle cells / contraction (*Muscle cells https…

- - - - *Sarcoplasmic reticulum Release of Calcium Pathway
        
        Ryanodine Receptors
        
        DHR = Di Hydro Pyridine Receptors
        --> these are either mechanical or Ca+ induced
        
        Skeletal muscle = coupled DHR/Ryanodine Receptors
        --> the conformational change of
        --> DHR MECHANICALLY attached to the RYR releases the Ca++ from the SPR
        
        Cardiac muscle = SEPARATE DHR/Ryanodine Receptors
        --> the release of Ca++ from teh SPR comes from
        --> calcium induced calcium release from the SPR
        
        *Skeletal vs Cardiac DHR / RYR
        
        Skeletal muscle = coupled DHR/Ryanodine Receptors
        --> the conformational change of
        --> DHR MECHANICALLY attached to the RYR releases the Ca++ from the SPR
        
        Cardiac muscle = SEPARATE DHR/Ryanodine Receptors
        --> the release of Ca++ from teh SPR comes from
        --> calcium induced calcium release from the SPR
        
        *Sarcomere Structures
        
        Allelic Heterogeneity
        
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        Skeletal muscles move MYAA TITZ
        
        My = M line in the middle = Myosin
        --> A band surrounds it
        
        TITZ = titin holds M line = myosin to the Z line
        --> TITZ has an I in it
        --> I band goes with the Z line
        
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        *Calcium regulation in Muscle cells from
        
        entering in the sarcolemma through the L type Dihydropyridine Rs
        
        to entering the Rannodine receptors on the sarcoplasma reticulum
        
        SERCA2 pumps bring the Ca++ back into the Sarco Retics
        
        *Transverse T tubules
        
        these are actually very important to get the Ca++ to the sarcoplasmic retic sites in a coordinated way
        --> this way all the muscle cells can contract together
        
        if you don't have proper t tubules you can get limb girdle dystrophies since muscles can't contract together