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TM: Cestodes (i) (Prevention (survey pigs, cattle, humans (test + tx…
TM: Cestodes (i)
Prevention
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survey pigs, cattle, humans
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Lifecycle
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cysticercus (larval tapeworm) becomes activated + attaches to the wall of the SI by its scolex (ant end, bearing suckers + hooks for attachment)
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1 tapeworm produces 50,000 eggs/day - may live for 25 yrs
humans pass proglottids (segments of tapeworm containing mature reproductive system + eggs) in faeces
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embryos released in GIT of infected animals - penetrate gut wall, enter capills, encyst in muscular tissue
T solium
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intermediate hosts = pigs, humans, dogs, cats, sheep
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endemic in central + S America, SE Asia, India, Philippines, Africa, East europe
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more prevalent in poorer communities where humans liver in close contact with pigs + eat undercooked pork
lifecycle
- pigs ingest eggs/proglottids (porcine cysticercosis)
- human ingests infected pork (taeniasis)
- in human intestine cysticercus develops over 2 months into adult tapeworm - attaches to SI via scolex + resides there
- adults produce proglottids - detach from tapeworm, migrate to anus, passed in stool
- if human ingests eggs due to faecal contamination they get human cysticercosis
T saginata
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areas with the highest prevalence (>10%) are central Asia, middle east, central + east Africa (100% prevalence in parts of Kenya)
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Cysticercosis dx
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CNS: CSF immunology, neuro-imaging
Muscle: imaging, biopsy (can often be asymptomatic if only a few cysts)
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Intro
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segmented bodies, can be metres long
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definitive/primary host
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carnivorous/omnivorous mammal that acquires infection by consuming larval cysts in the uncooked tissues of an intermediate host (diet dependent)
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Taeniasis symptoms
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other organs
People get cysticercosis when they ingest T solium eggs that are passed in the faeces of a human with a tapeworm
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cardiac, ocular, lung or cerebral cysticerosis
Taeniasis investigations
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stools
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eggs of T sodium vs saginata are identical - examining the proglottids (T saginata has more) + scolex (T saginata doesn't have one) helps identify species
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