Chapter 1: Information Processing

1.1 Input-Process-Output Cycle

Processing : CPU works on data according to commands

Output : Computer shows processed result

Input : Enter data and commands into computer

Why? Computer can do tasks automatically

1.2 Stored Programs

Why? Computer can do tasks automatically, repeatedly, accurately

Program : sequence of commands

image2.0

image

1.4 Types of date

Text : characters ,numbers and symblos

1.5 Information system

1.6 Information Process

1.3 Data and information

Program stored in Read-only Memory (ROM)

1.7 Information technology and information age

Data : collections of raw facts

Information: Organized, meaningful data for decision making

Audio : music, speeches and audio signals

Image : photographs, drawings and handwritten text

Video : images representing a scene of motion

ASCII

Optical Chapter Recognition (OCR), voice recognition, handwriting board

Why?

  • automate an existing manual process
  • improve an existing system
  • fix system problems

bitmap image: grid of pixels

camera, mobile phone ,scanner

Data :

  • stored in a main database
  • major component of information system
  • can be retrieved from database by query languages

Process : work with data to achieve specific purposes or objectives

Technologies

Data Collection:
collect raw data for information system

Organization:

  • involve data-logging
  • accuracy checking
  • data categorization

Storage:
store organized data into storage media

Processing:
stored data to produce processed data

Analysis:
extract useful information from processed data

Transmission:
send information from one computer system to another

Presentation:
show information through different methods & media

Knowledge-based Society :

  • deploys knowledge, information, technology & communication systems in processes
  • KNOWLEDGE--the major asset

Information age :

  • begin in the end of 20th century
  • computers become essential tools for information manipulation
  • information spreads widely & rapidly

Communication network : all kinds of telecommunication networks, broadband services, internet & media broadcasting networks

People: information literate in order to handle the vast amount of information (bk p. 27)

Computer : producing, manipulation, storing & distributing knowledge

Hardware:

  • physical components related to the system
  • media used by machines

Software:
sequence of instructions that instruct information system to perform tasks

System software:
manage computer resources

Application software:
perform specific tasks

Network:
connects a grp of computers together

Personnel

End users:
use information system or information product

IS specialists:

  • develop or manage information system
  • include system analysts, programmer, technicians, network managers & data entry qperators

click to edit