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Chapter 1: Information Processing (1.6 Information Process (Data…
Chapter 1: Information Processing
1.1 Input-Process-Output Cycle
Processing : CPU works on data according to commands
Output : Computer shows processed result
Input : Enter data and commands into computer
1.2 Stored Programs
Why? Computer can do tasks automatically, repeatedly, accurately
Program : sequence of commands
Program stored in Read-only Memory (ROM)
1.4 Types of date
Text : characters ,numbers and symblos
ASCII
Optical Chapter Recognition (OCR), voice recognition, handwriting board
Audio : music, speeches and audio signals
Image : photographs, drawings and handwritten text
bitmap image: grid of pixels
camera, mobile phone ,scanner
Video : images representing a scene of motion
1.5 Information system
Why?
automate an existing manual process
improve an existing system
fix system problems
Data :
stored in a main database
major component of information system
can be retrieved from database by query languages
Process : work with data to achieve specific purposes or objectives
Technologies
Hardware:
physical components related to the system
media used by machines
Software:
sequence of instructions that instruct information system to perform tasks
System software:
manage computer resources
Application software:
perform specific tasks
Network:
connects a grp of computers together
Personnel
End users:
use information system or information product
IS specialists:
develop or manage information system
include system analysts, programmer, technicians, network managers & data entry qperators
1.6 Information Process
Data Collection:
collect raw data for information system
Organization:
involve data-logging
accuracy checking
data categorization
Storage:
store organized data into storage media
Processing:
stored data to produce processed data
Analysis:
extract useful information from processed data
Transmission:
send information from one computer system to another
Presentation:
show information through different methods & media
1.3 Data and information
Data : collections of raw facts
Information: Organized, meaningful data for decision making
1.7 Information technology and information age
Knowledge-based Society :
deploys knowledge, information, technology & communication systems in processes
KNOWLEDGE--the major asset
Communication network : all kinds of telecommunication networks, broadband services, internet & media broadcasting networks
People: information literate in order to handle the vast amount of information (bk p. 27)
Computer : producing, manipulation, storing & distributing knowledge
Information age :
begin in the end of 20th century
computers become essential tools for information manipulation
information spreads widely & rapidly
