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Chapter1: Information Processing 4C03 Chan Chloe 4C24 Sin Hang Yu (1.6:…
Chapter1: Information Processing
4C03 Chan Chloe
4C24 Sin Hang Yu
1.1: Input-Process-Output Cycle
Input
To enter data and commands into the computer
Process
CPU works according to the data input
Output
Processed Results
1.2: Stored Programs
Program:sequence of commands
Why? Computers can do tasks automatically,repeatedly,accurately
Program stored in Read-only Memory(ROM)
1.3: Data and Information
Data
Raw facts with no context
Information
Organized data with context
1.5 Information System
Components
Purposes
Automating an existing manual process,improving an existing process,fixing system problems
Data
Stored in a main database,a major component
Processes
Work with data inside the main database to achieve its purposes or objectives
Technologies
Hardware,software,network
Personnel
System analysts,programmer,technicians,network manager,data entry operator
1.4: Types of Data
Text
Characters/Numbers presented by certain character coding systems, later transformed into binary codes
Image
Pixels represented by binary codes, known as bitmap
Audio
Converted into a stream of audio signals by a sound card
Video
A sequence of images
1.6: Information Processes
Data Collection
Raw data collected to be input
Organization
Data-logging, manual validity checking,data categorization
Storage
Database software uses direct access devices such as hard disks
Processing
Data processing, word processing, image processing, audio processing, video processing
Analysis
To extract useful infomation
Transmission
To communicate between different systems, a common protocol is needed
Presentation
To present information
1.7: Information technology and the Information Age
Information Age
Information spreads widely and rapidly, information can be accessed anywhere anytime at a low cost
Knowledge-based society
A society that employs knowledge. Computers, networks and people take a big role in this society
