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Cells Building blocks of every organism on the planet. (Bacteria cells…
Cells
Building blocks of every organism on the planet.
Cells can be Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic
All living things are made of cells
Eukaryotic cells are complex.
All animal and plant cells are Eukaryotic.
Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler.
Bacteria are prokaryotic cells.
Plant and animal cells have similarities and differences
Different parts of a cell are called subcellular structures.
Animal cells have these subcellular structures:
Nucleus
Contains genetic material which controls what the cell does.
Cytoplasm
where most of the chemical reactions happen.
Cell membrane
controls what goes in and out of the cell.
Mitochondria
where most aerobic respiration occurs which transfers energy that the cells need to work.
Ribosomes
where proteins are made in the cell.
Plant cells have additional bits:
Cell Wall
made of cellulose, supports and strengthens cell.
Permanent vacuole
contains cell sap.
Chloroplasts
where photosynthesis occurs and makes food for the plant.
Bacteria cells have these subcellular structures:
Cell Wall
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
A single loop of DNA (Bacteria don't have a true nucleus)
Plasmids - small rings of extra DNA
Area of a subcellular structure
Can estimate area
treat structure as a regular shape
Example: shape is close to rectangle - use area=lengthxwidth