Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Integumentary system Daisy Hernandez P.2 (Body membranes (Cutaneous…
Integumentary system
Daisy Hernandez P.2
Functions of the integumentary system
The integumentary system regulates body temperature, and allows for touch, vibration, pain, and temperature sensations, it also excretes waste through urea(sweat), and it also produced vitamin D.
Body membranes
Cutaneous membrane
primary organ of the integumentary system, covers the body surface & secretes sebum (skin)
-2 layers; superficial (E.T) keratinized stratified squamous
Mucous membrane
produces mucus as thick secretion to keep membranes soft and moist, lines surfaces exposed to exterior
-epithelial tissue, type depends on location & function
Synovial membrane
produces synovial fluid and lines bursae
-soft areolar and is connective tissue only
Serous membrane
double membrana layer that lines body cavities and covers organ surfaces this membrane works to secrete serous fluid for lubrication
-2 layers; simple squamous epithelial layer and loose connective tissue
Layers of skin
epidermis (outermost/superficial layer) which is avascular and is keratinized stratified squamous epithelium & this is where oxygen and nutrients are distributed
dermis (inner layer) contains blood vessels and nerve fibers it is also distinctly thicker and is CT with collagen and elastic fibers
hypodermis layer (underlying/subcutaneous layer) absorbs
and insulates to reduce heat loss , anchors skin to underlying structures
Layers of the Epidermis
strata
thick skin consist of all five layers
thin skin rest of body stratum lucidum is not present
deep to superficial
stratum basale (deepest layer closest to dermis) cells are constantly undergoing mitosis
stratum spinosum (prickly layer) mitosis still occurs here , cells form desmosomes and langerhans’ cells are most abundant in this layer
stratum granulosum (3-5 layers)
last layer which obtains nutrients , keratinization begins and cells die
stratum lucidum (clear layer)
2-3 rows of dead cells, only visible in thick skin
Stratum corneum (outermost layer) high keratin levels, protects against abrasion and penetration
Layers of Dermis
Second major skin region which consist of 2 layers
Papillary layer ( superficial layer) has both areolar & loose C.T , superior surface is the dermal papillae, papillae contains capillary loops, free nerve endings, and meissner’s corpuscles, this layer prevents skin tearing and gripping
Reticular layer (deepest layer)
dense C.T , highly vascular , matrix consist of collagen fibers and elastic fibers, many appendages are located in this area such as sweet glands, oil glands, hair follicles, and nerve receptors
Accessory organs
Appendages all partake in maintaining homeostasis
cutaneous glands
sudoriferous (sweat) glands sweat is secreted onto the skins surface , these glands are distributed throughout most of the body & contains two major types the eccrine and apocrine sweat glands
sebaceous (oil) glands which appears on skin as blackhead when sebum accumulates meanwhile the gland duct is blocked , acne active inflammation of the gland typically caused by bacterial infection
Nails
composer from dead cells packed with keratin which appear as clear hard derivatives
hair
hair is distributed all throughout the body , these are flexible strands produced by hair follicles which consist of dead keratinized cells
Skin cancers
Two types of cancer tumors
(benign) doesn’t spread and grows slowly
(malignant) can be fatal and grow relentlessly
too much UV radiation can increase cancer risks
Three types of skin cancer
Basal cell carcinoma is the most common & least malignant, typically occurs on sun exposed area of skin , becomes a sore that doesn’t heal & can appear shiny or some shaped at the beginning
Squamous cell carcinoma second most common, typically affect males rather then females, this lesion will develop as scaly reddened papule, forms on head and hands grows and meta sizes quickly, early removal can allow for a greater chance of cure
Malignant melanoma most fatal and the rarest , difficult to cure can commence wherever pigment is located , looks like a brown or black patch, early detection is crucial to survival
Infections
Psoriasis
chronic condition classified by reddened lesions covered with dry, silvery scales
athletes foot (fungal)
caused by fungal infection which initiates red , itchy , and peeling sensation between toes
cold sores (viral)
blisters filled with fluid which can itch and sting in result of a herpes simplex infection
contact dermatitis
result of skin exposure to chemicals that provoke allergic reactions, characterized by itching, redness, and skin swelling which can initiate to blistering
impetigo
staphylococcus bacterial infection , results in lesions which will appear pink and will develop to mouth and nose with a yellow crust, may be water-filled
Burns
Burns are categorized by severity
(first degree burns) which only burns the epidermis and will appear red and swollen
(second degree burns) burns into epidermis and upper dermis the skin will appear red and blistered
(third degree burns) burns entire skin layer this is the most crucial, the burn will appear grey, white , cherry red, or black . High risk of fluid loss and skin regeneration is less likely and will take a long time , skin grafting is typically required