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Russia Mind-Map (The Tsar/Government (The Tsar also distributed his power…
Russia Mind-Map
The Tsar/Government
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The Tsar also distributed his power through three main areas, the Imperial Council, Cabinet of Ministers and the Senate.
The Tsar proceeded to limit the power of the three sections by appointing them and by and preventing them from governing.
The Autocratic state of the governing system in Russia at the time limited the amount of change that could occur, this was due to the fact that change could only come from the top.
The Tsar himself lacked the imagination to push change and lacked the leadership to gather support in his ideas, thus exacerbating the problem of Autocracy.
Popedonotstsev was deeply conservative and was an intense hater of democracy. He believed that Russia needed a forceful and harsh leader that would take control.
Russification was a process of restricting the spread of ideas/culture/influence and exercising the benefits and superiority of all things Russian.
The Bolsheviks were a break away group from the Social Democrats, ran by Lenin, who claimed to be the majority view. They believed that the revolution of Russia could be spread up in a proletarian manner.
The Mensheviks on the other hand believed in a more moderate approach to revolution and believed that Russia had to wait before it could face a revolution.
Economy
The economic growth had been slow within Russia, with it remaining behind many of the Western European nations.
The transport system had remained undeveloped and it lacked an effective banking system.This in turn that the economy was not able to benefit from the stable investment that other nations were able to benefit from.
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The 'great spurt' was the name given to the period during which the Russian economy grew rapidly in the 1980's.
The reason behind the great spurt was the sudden influx of investment from abroad and increased yield of oil from Ukraine that provided large amounts of capital for the economy.
State Capitalism ensured the direction and control of the economy and placed it under the control of the government.
Witte encouraged strong investment in the transport systems within Russia consequently meaning that the problem of geography was overcome by improved transport links, plus the expansion of the travel systems also meant that they provided many jobs.
One major drawback of Witte's reforms was that his intervention in improving relations had meant that he had made Russia too reliant on foreign loans, so when America hit it's financial crisis with the 'Wall Street Crash' the Russian economy also felt the effects.
Bloody Sunday
The events during Bloody Sunday painted the Tsar in a very bad image. People no longer viewed him as the little father of the people of Russia with him being seen shooting the people.
After the Russo-Japanese defeat this only generated further hatred for the Tsar. As a result violence and disorder broke out across Russia.
The Events began with a peaceful protest marched towards the Winter Palace, with the protestors being lead by religious leader Georgy Gapon.
Following Bloody Sunday the Potemkin Mutiny took place in which members of a ships crew refused to carry out their duties through disrespect to the Tsar.
The Tsar issued the October Manifesto which staited that he would set up a representative government (Duma).
Following the 1905 revolution the strikers were crushed with military troops being sent to contain them. A workers uprising in Moscow was also brutally crushed with 1000 people being killed.
In general the protestors hadn't carried huge effect with tsardom showing its true strength. It also highlighted that whilst the military remained loyal the Tsar would not be easily crushed.
Social Structure
The unusual thing with the social structure in Russia was the percentage of the population that were peasants (82%), with a relatively small working and professional classes.
There was a vast amount of negativity towards the peasantry, they labelled them the 'dark masses' and believed that they needed to repressed in order to prevent them from rebelling.
The peasantry also acted as an anchor in holding Russian society and preventing them from reforming.
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1.5 million people make up Russia's standing army, and includes 45% of state spending.
Russo-Japanese War
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There had been long-standing disputes over Manchuria and in 1904 Russia deliberalty refused Japanese permission on the Korea question, as a result Japan attacked the Russian forces at Port Arthur.
The Russians suprised the Japanese. The forces were better prepared and equipped plus they understood the conditions/seas that they were fighting in.
The size of Russia also made it difficult for the military to transport resources across the nation to the areas in need.
Russia later agreed in the Treaty of Portsmouth that they would withdraw their troops from Manchuria and accepted Japanese control of Port Arthur.
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Russian Orthodox Church
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It had been deeply conservative in its attitudes and it was determined to preserve the tsarist system without any progressive change or reform.