Atmosphere as CO2 and Hydrocarbon compounds ex. CH4

Lithosphere as carbonates in limesotne and fossil fuels(coal,gas and oil)

This is the slowest part of the cycle, and it is centred on the huge carbon stores in rocks and sediment, with resevoir turnover rate of at least 100,000 years.

CO2 is exchanged with the fast component through;
Volcanic emissions of CO2
Chemical weathering
Erosion
Sediment formation on the floor

This fast compnet of the carbon cycle has relatively large exchange fluxes and 'rapid' resevoir turnovers of a few years up to millenia. Carbon is sequesterd in, and flows between the atmosphere,oceans, ocean sediments and on land in vegetation,soils and freshwater

Terrestrial Geoloical
Sedimentary rocks,very slow cylcing over millenia

Terrestrial Soil
From plant materials(biomass); micro-organisms break most organic matter down to CO2 in a process that can take days in hot, humid climates to decades in colder climates

Oceanic(DEEP)
Most carbon is dissolved inorganic carbon, stored at great depths,very slowly cycled

Atmospheric
CO2 and CH4 store carbon as greenhouse gases with a life time of up to 100 years

Oceanic Surface
Exchanges are rapid with the atmopshere through;
Physical processes(CO2 gas dissolving into the water)
Biological processes(plankton)
Some of this carbon sinks to the deeper ocean pool

Terrestrial Ecosystems
CO2 is taken from the atmosphere by plant photosynthesis; carbon is stored organically, especially in trees; rapid interchange with atmosphere over second/minutes

Fast(1-10 years)
Surface water and atmosphere fluxes diffusion into ocean
Diffusion out of ocean
Vegetation to soil decomposition

Slow(10-100 years)
Weathering and Erosion

Very Fast
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Gases from volcanic eruptions

VerySlow(over 100 years)
Sedimentation/Fossilation

Mechanical Weathering-Break up of rocks into easy ttransport particles

Animal and Plant particles that result from decompostion after death and surface erosion store carbon

Rivers carry particles(ions) to the ocean where they are deposited

Over millenia these sediments accumulate, burying older sediments below, such as shale and limestone

Layering and buriying of sediment causes pressure build up. So that sediments can turn into rock

Deposition and burial turns the calcite sediment into limestone

Subduction to the seal floor under continental margins by tectonic spreading

Transportation of these ions by river from the land to the ocean. Form Calcium Carbonate and precipitate out as minerals such as calcite

Some of the Carbon rises back to the surfaec within heated magma, and is degassed as CO2 returns to the atmosphere.

Water reacts with CO2 to form H2CO3, reacts with some surface materials slowly dissolvign them

Places with no current volcanic activity, such as the hot springs and geysers in Yellowstone

Active or passive volcanic zones associated with tectonic plate boundaries, including subduction zones and spreading ridges

Biological Pump and Carbonate Pump involving thermahaline circulation. This ciruclation is part of the physical pump. These pumps flux surface ocean CO2 to the deep ocean.