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Infant previously diagnosed with circulatory problems and anemia. Examined…

- - - - Cell has 3 Main Parts
        
        Cytoplasm
        
        Intracellular fluid packed with organelles
        
        Nucleus
        
        Organelle usually in the center that controls the activities if the cell
        
        bounded by a double membrane barrier called the nuclear envelope
        
        punctuated by nuclear pores which serve as transport channels
        
        within the nucleus are nucleoli, where ribosomal sub-units are assembled
        
        contains Chromatin
        
        30% DNA
        
        60% globular histone proteins which package and regulate DNA
        
        10 percent RNA chains (newly formed or forming)
        
        Plasma Membrane
        
        Boundary of the cell that is a semi permeable membrane
        
        Determines which substances enter or exit the cell
        
        phospholipid bi-layer
        
        Allows cell to cell recognition
        
        membrane proteins also interact with chemicals and send messages into cell
    - - Golgi apparatus
        
        packages, modifies, separates proteins for secretion from the cell
      - peroxisomes
        
        enzymes that detoxify toxic sunstances
      - Smooth ER
        
        Site of lipid and steroid synthesis, lipid metabolism and drug detox
      - lysosomes
        
        preform intracellular digestion
      - Rough ER
        
        sugar groups are attached to proteins then sent to golgi and other sites
      - microtubules
        
        support and give shape to the cell
      - Ribosomes
        
        site of protein synthesis
      - intermediate filaments
        
        resist mechanical forces acting on cell
      - Mitochondria
        
        Site of ATP synthesis
        
        The powerhouse of the cell
      - microfilaments
        
        form cells cytoskeleton, involved in muscle contraction
      - centrioles
        
        organize micro tubule network during mitosis
  - - - Monomer(s)
        
        Glycerol
        
        Chains of fatty acid
      - Chem Comp
        
        C,H,O, and sometimes P
      - Function
        
        Store energy
        
        cell membranes
        
        hormones
      - Examples
        
        grese
        
        fat
        
        oil
    - - Monomer(s)
        
        Monosaccahride
        
        Disaecharride
        
        Polysaccharide
      - Chemical Comp
        
        1:2:1 ratio
        
        C6H12O6
      - Function
        
        Provide energy
      - Example
        
        Starch
        
        Glycogen
    - - Monomer
        
        Amino Acids
      - Chem Comp
        
        C,H,O,N
        
        sometimes S and P
      - Function
        
        Structure
        
        Enzymes
        
        Hormones
      - Examples
        
        Pepsin
        
        Insulin
    - - Monomer(s)
        
        nucleotides
      - Chem Comp
        
        C,H,O,N,P
      - Function
        
        hold genetic info
      - Examples
        
        DNA(instructions for making proteins)
        
        RNA
  - - - Phosphate
      - Base
        
        Adenine
        
        Thymine
        
        Cytosine
        
        Guanine
        
        2 hydrogen bonds
        
        3 hydrogen bonds
      - Ribose
      - Sugar phosphate backbone
    - - organized structure of DNA and protein found in nucleus of the cell
      - Starts wrapped around in double helix
      - DNA gets wrapped around a histone
      - Nucleosomes coiled into chromatin fiber
      - duplicated into chromosome
  - - - the resulting bond is called a peptide bond
      - 2-dipeptide
      - 3-tripeptide
      - 10-polypeptide
    - - peptide bonds
        
        covalent bonds between amino acids
      - Hydrogen bonds
        
        beta-pleated sheet, alpha helix
        
        secondary structure
        
        3 dimensional sheet held together by H bonds
        
        folding chain
      - Ionic and Di-sulfide bonds
        
        tertiary structure
        
        sheets and coils
      - Hydrophobic and Hydrophobic
        
        some proteins in Quaternary structure
        
        large units
      - Structures
        
        Primary
        
        The sequence of amino acids form the polypeptide chain
        
        Secondary
        
        Primary chain forms spirals and sheets
        
        Spiral
        
        Primary chain is coiled to form a spiral
        
        held together by H bonds
        
        tertiary structure
        
        Super imposed to secondary structure
        
        folded up to form compact globular molecule
        
        Sheets
        
        B sheets
        
        pleated sheet formed by the primary chain zig zagging
        
        held together by hydrogen bonds
        
        Quaternary Structure
        
        Two polypeptide chains with there own tertiary structure combine to form a functional protein
- - - - bone marrow stops producing new red blood cells
    - - spleen filters blood cells, sickle cell will cause red blood cells to become trapped leading to pain,swelling, and severe anemia