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Unit 01: Matter (Significant Figures (Rules for Sig Figs (Non Zeros- are…
Unit 01: Matter
Significant Figures
Rules for Sig Figs
Non Zeros- are always significant (1875 =4 S.F.)
Leading Zeros are never significant (1200 = 2 S.F.)
Captive Zeros are always significant (2003 = 4 S.F.)
Trailing Zeros are sometimes significant (100.0 = 4 S.F.)
Subtracting
Adding
Dividing
Muiltiplying
Converting Decimal Form to Scientific Notation
1,000,000 = 1 x 10^6
.0000001 = 1 x 10^-6
Changes of matter
chemical change
a chemical reaction involving the rearrangement of atoms. While a physical change can often be reversed, a chemically change typically cannot be, except through more chemical reactions.
Examples
Burning wood.
Souring milk.
Mixing acid and base.
Digesting food.
Definition
physical change
definition
a type of change in which the form of matter is altered but one substance is not transformed into another.
Examples:
Crushing a can.
Melting an ice cube.
Boiling water.
Link Title
Classification of matter
pure substances
Elements
Definition
a part or aspect of something abstract, especially one that is essential or characteristic.
Examples
Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen, Sodium, Potassium, Aluminium, Sulphur, Oxygen,
compounds
Examples
water, carbon dioxide, and table salt.
Definition
a thing that is composed of two or more separate elements; a mixture.
Mixtures
heterogenous mixture
Definition
simply any mixture that is not uniform in composition - it's a non-uniform mixture of smaller constituent parts.
examples
Sugar and sand form a heterogeneous mixture. ...
Ice cubes in cola form a heterogeneous mixture. ...
Salt and pepper form a heterogeneous mixture.
homogenous mixture
Definition
a solution that has equal proportions of its components throughout any given sample.
Examples
glue.
glass bottle.
copy paper.
steel (metal)
Properties of Matter
Chemical Properties
Definition
any of a material's properties that becomes evident during, or after, a chemical reaction; that is, any quality that can be established only by changing a substance's chemical identity.
Examples
Reactivity with other chemicals.
Toxicity.
Coordination number.
Flammability.
Enthalpy of formation.
Physical Properties
definition
any property that is measurable, whose value describes a state of a physical system.
Examples
color (intensive)
density (intensive)
volume (extensive)
mass (extensive)