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Environment and climate change (Characteristics of life (Cell(smallest…
Environment and climate change
Layers of earth
Geosphere
Crust
Mantle
Asthenosphere
Mesosphere
Core
Outer
Liquid with low viscosity
Inner
Solid due to high pressure
Biosphere
Cryosphere
Atmosphere
Layers
Troposphere : -60°C
Stratosphere : 0° C
Mesosphere : 85 ° C
Thermosphere : 1500°C
Exosphere : high as 2000°C
Other gases: 0.31%
Argon: 0.93%
Oxygen:20.94 %
Nitrogen: 78.08%
Weather
Parameters to quantify
Temperature
Wind speed
Wind direction
Air pressure
Sunshine
Cloud cover
Humidity
Precipitation
Climate
Essential variables
Acidity
Ocean
Atmosphere
Terrestrial
Zone based division
Polar zone
Temperate zone
Tropical zone
Causes
Global temperature rises
Warming of ocean
Ocean acidification
Glacial retreat
Sea level rises
Extreme climatic events
Climate forcing
A process which alters the energy balance of the earth
system.
Greenhouse gases
Heat is reflected back and more radiation is absorbed
Countries that contribute
China
USA
Brazil
India
Aerosols
Dispersion of solid or liquid particles suspended in air.
Can be short term but intense
Classification
Sources
Size
Origin
Aerosols can influence the planetary albedo and thus have an impact on the climate system.
Pollutants
Air
Sources
Dust
Transport
Waste management
Water
Sources
Discharge of industrial waste
Oil spills
Dumping garbage
Thermal
Soil/ land
Radioactive
Effects
Ulcers
Cancer
Ecosystem
Abiotic factors
Air
Water
Nutrients
Light and temperature
Biotic factors
Characteristics of life
Cell(smallest living unit)
Uses energy
Response to stimulus
Reproduction
Growth and development
Adaptation
DNA
Carbon footprint- a major cause
Carbon offset
Waste Management
Greenhouse gas effects
International agreements on climate change
Carbon trading
Conventional energy sources
Renewable sources
Solar
Wind
Thermal
Hydro
Non renewable sources
Coal
Bituminous coal
Peat coal
Anthracite coal
Primary use
Generation of electricity
Production of steel
Industries
Option for decreasing coal reserves
Look for more
Alternative sources
Reduce usage and wastage
Natural gas
Oil
Nuclear energy
Photovoltaic system
Installation guide
Location identification
Type of system
Load estimation
Supplier selection
Hybrid energy systems (alternative source)
Wind battery system
Micro turbine/ FC system
Micro turbine/wind system
Need : less availability and affordability of electricity
Efficient Designing
Load description
Calculation of power from solar PV array
Calculation of power from wind
Calculation of battery storage capacity
Behavioral changes and solutions
Human behavior
Motivation
Personality
Attitude
Perception
Learning
Energy saving
Reduction in wastage of food
Transportation ( by car pool)
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