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RENAL STONES renal stones (Mogotlane, S (ed), et al, 2015) (Smeltzer S.C.…
RENAL STONES 
(Mogotlane, S (ed), et al, 2015) (Smeltzer S.C. Bare B.G. 2015)
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Causes
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Such as calcium, oxalate, and uric acid
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Pathophysiology
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substances such as uric acid, calcium oxalate and calcium
Around dead tissue, bacteria to form stones
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Predisposing factors include reduced fluid intake, urinary
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stasis, immobility and infection
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Clinical Manifestations
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Pink , red or brown urine
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Severe pain in the side and back, below the ribs
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Health Education
Complications such as fever, oliguria,and flank pain should be reported
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Diet therapy
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Reduce intake of organ meat, whole grain and dairy products
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