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RENAL STONES OR UROLITHIASIS (CIINICAL MANIFESTATIONS (Pain that spread…
RENAL STONES OR UROLITHIASIS
DEFINATION
Refers to the presence of stones into the urinary tract.
NURSING DIAGNOSIS
Pain that is so severe that you cant sit or find comfortable position.
Pain accompanied by nausea and vomitting.
Pains that is accompanied by chills and fever.
Blood in urine and difficult in passing urine.
CAUSES
More crystal forming substances such as calcium, oxalate and uric acid than the fluid in urine can dilute.
PHATOPHYSIOLOGY
Renal stones are crystallines masses that develop anywhere in the urinary tract when the concentration of crystalline substances are increased in the urine.
These substances if are not excreted, they precipitate around dead tissue, bacteria or other debris that form stones.
Predisposing factors include reduced fluid intake, urinary stasis, immobility and infection.
CIINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
Pain that spread to the lower abdomen and groin.
Pain when urinating.
Cloudy or foul smelling in urine.
Red or brown urine.
Pain that comes in waves and fluctuates in intensity
Persistant need to urinate
Fever and chills if infection is present.
Urinating small amount of urine.
NURSING INTERVENTIONS
All urine that is passed must be strained to detect the passage of stones.
It may be necessary for a patient to make some dietary adjustment to prevent new stones from forming.
Intake and output should be careful monitored to prevent overloading the circulation with the fluid.
For patient with calcium and struvite stones, intake of food in high calcium, protein, sodium, and phosphate should also be reduced on the diet.
Fluid intake should be increased up to 6 litres per day to flush out stones.
Antibiotics must be given into a patient to treat infection if present.
Pain relief can be relieved by administering of narcotic analgesics e.g morphine.
